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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
bill of rights
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first ten anendments to the constitution
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constitution
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civil liberties
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protection of individual rights of citizens from the gov't
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civil rights
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protection of citizen equality provided by the gov't
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citizens
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substantive liberties
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limits what the gov't shall and shall not have the power to do
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ex post facto laws
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law that declares an action to be illegal after it has been committed
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habeas corpus
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prohibits the gov't from depriving a person of liberty without explaining the reason before a judge
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bills of attainer
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law that decree a person guilty of a crime without a trial
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procedural liberties
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how the gov't is supposed to act
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dual citizenship
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both a US citizen and a citizen of the state in which they reside
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dual process of law
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no person shall be deprived of life liberty or property without due process of the law
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incorporation
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"absorption" of the bill of rights
(court decision required to follow parts of the bill of rights) |
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perferred freedoms
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free speech
free press |
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establishment clause
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a "wall of separation" between church and state
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free exercise clause
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right to believe and practice whatever religion one chooses
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strict scrutiny
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higher standards of judicial review
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clear and present danger test
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government intervention or cersorship
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speech plus
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speech followed by an act like picketing
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slander
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a malicious oral statement
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libel
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a malicious written statement
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fighting words
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when the speech comes just before actual fighting
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exclusionary rule
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prohibits evidence obtained during an illegal search from being introduced in a trial
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grand jury
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jury for federal cases
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double jeopardy
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being tried for the same crime twice
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miranda rule
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protection against police abuse of arrested persons
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eminent domain
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power of gov't to take private property for a public use
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right to privacy
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people have the right to be left alone from gov't intervention
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"separate but equal rule"
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segregated accomodations were equal as long as some accomodations for blacks exisited
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equal protection clause
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all people are equal
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de jure
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"law"
legally enforced |
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de facto
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an ACTUAL fact
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affirmative action
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compensatory action to overcome the consequences of past discrimination
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procedural rule
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person is innocent until proven guilty
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