Chapter 4 Key Terms

Front 1

Robert Walpole

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British statesmen who was the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. he served during the reign of George the first and George the second. 1721-The First Lord of Treasury

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Privy Council

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private council, who was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors, to give secret advice on affairs of state.

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Benjamin Franklin

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A founding father of the U.S. and he wanted colonial unity."the First American"-a leading scientist, writer, diplomat, politician, etc.

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New France

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An area in North America that was colonized by France. it was divided into 5 colonies-Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, and Louisiana.

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Albany Plan

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was proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany New York. This was an attempt at forming the union of the colonies during the French and Indian war.

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French Indian War

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war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754-1763. in 1756 it erupted into the worldwide Seven Years' war.

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Father Jacques Marquette

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He was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie. He was with Louis Joliet in being the first to explore and map much of the Mississippi river in 1673.

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Louis Joliet

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Was a french Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America. He was one of the first European explorers to explore and map the much of the Mississippi river in 1673.

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Louis XIV

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He was king of France and Navarre. He reigned from 1638-1715, and it was the longest documented reign of any European Monarch.

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Missionary Zeal

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When someone is When a person is enthusiastic about a belief or something they strongly believe in, and they show great excitement about it; they show it is important to them.

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Rene Robert Cavalier

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A French explorer who explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. he claimed the whole Mississippi River basin for France.

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The Iroquois Confederacy

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A sophisticated social and poltical system that united the territories of the five nations in a symbolic longhouse that stretched across present day New York. All decisions made by the Confederacy had to be unanimous.

Front 13

King Williams War

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the first of the French and Indian's war. (1689-1697) this war was what the Americans called when referring to the North American theater of the War of Grand Alliance (1688-1697). Fought btw England, France, and the American Indian Allies in the colonies of Canada, Acadia, and New England.

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Fort Necessity

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Also known as the Battle of the Great Meadows and it took place on July 3, 1754.Its was one of the first battles of the French and Indian war; Washington's only military surrender.

Front 15

William Pitt

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English man; Pittsburgh named after him. he fought with fellow members of Parliament and died defending his stand against fighting in the American colonies.

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Siege of Quebec

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25th of June- 18th of September.(1759) it ended any French hope of them winning the French and Indian War. when the city surrendered it ended the French's chance of being able to maintain their presence in Canada.

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Peace of Paris 1763

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Treaty of Paris; was signed on February 10th by Great Britain, France, and Spain with Portugal in agreement. It ended the French and Indian war/Seven years' war. it marked the beginning of a British dominance period, outside of Europe.

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Proclamation of 1763

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It closed off the frontier to colonial expansion. they wanted to calm the fears of the Indians of them being driven out of their own lands, while it left the colonists thinking that they were just trying to keep them in along the Atlantic Seaboard.

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Stamp Act

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1765, was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament. Printed papers included magazines, Newspapers, and many other papers used in the colonies. It was to help pay for the troops stationed in North America after the Britsh victory in the Seven Years' War.

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Sugar Act

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A revenue-raising act, passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764. This raised the colonists' concerns, and helped the growing movement that became the American Revolution.

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Currency Act

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The name of several acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America. It sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency.

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Paxton Boys

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A group who murdered twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. Had fear and hatred towards the American Indians, because of the French and Indian war mainly. They also wern't fans of Pennsylvania's government.

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Regulatory Movement

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A North Carolina uprising. happened 1764 to 1771. The citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials.

Front 24

Virginia Resolves

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A series of resolutions passed by the Virgina General Assembly in Response to the Stamp Act. The only assembly legally allowed to raise taxes would be the Virgina General Assembly.

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Sons of Liberty

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Political group made up of American Patriots, and they originated in, and before, America became independent. They wanted change in the ways the British government treated them after the French and Indian War. Attacked by both words and deeds.

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The Tory's

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A traditionalist political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It is one of the prominent political parties in Great Britain.

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Mutiny Act

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(1765)British troops had to be taken care of by the American colonists. this meant they had to feed them, provide barracks for them, and other necessities. Colonists realized that this violated the principle of no taxation without representation.

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Quartering Act

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Used in the American colonies to make sure that British soldiers had adequete homes and provisions. It later became a source of tension between colonists in the thirteen colonies and the government in London.

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Townshend Act

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Begins in 1767, a series of acts passed by the British parliament, relating to the british colonies in America. Named for Charles Townshend. Five laws: The Revenue Act; the Indemnity Act; the Commissioners of Customs Act; the Vice Admiralty Court Act; New York Restaining Act.

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Navigation Act

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A series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England(Great Britain) and its colonies. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines best for England, and put a cease to colonial trade with the Netherlands and France.

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Boston Massacre

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It led to the deaths of five civilians in the hands of British troops.(1770) It helped begin the rebellion in some of the British American colonies.

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Samuel Adams

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A statesman, political philosopher, and a founding father of the united states. Politician in colonial Massachusetts and a leader in the American Revolution.

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Loyalists

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Is someone who stays loyal to an established government, political party, or sovereign, especially during war or revolutionary change. Loyalists to Great Britian during the American Revolution.

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Patriots

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Colonists who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution. In July 1776, their leaders were the ones who declared the United States of America an Independent Nation.

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Gaspee Incident

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A significant event in the lead-up to the American Revolution. In a huge act of defiance and rebellion, patriots boarded, attacked, looted, and torched the ship.

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Tea Act

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Launched the final spark to the revolutionary movement in Boston. It was designed to prop up the East India Company with its drowning in tea, yet little money. The tea was to be shipped to the colonies and sold at a good price. it was still during the time of the Townshend Duties however, and it led to the Boston Tea Party.

Front 37

Daughters of Liberty

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Women who showed their patriotism by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts. They made homespun cloth and other goods.

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Boston Tea Party

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A direct action by the colonists in Boston, against the British government. On December 16, 1773 after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it in the Boston Harbor.

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Coercive Acts

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Also known as Intolerable Acts; a series of five laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774. Created outrage in the American colonies, and helped lead to the American Revolution. Four of the Acts were direct responses to the Boston Tea Party.

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First Continental Congress

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A convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen North American colonies. First met early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts.

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John Adams

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An American politician and political philosopher and the second President of the United States, after being the first vice president for two terms. one of the most influential Founding fathers of the united states.

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Battle of Lexington and Concord

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The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. They were fought on April 19, 1775 and it marked the beggining of armed conflict between the British and its thirteen colonies.

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General Thomas Gage

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A British General, who was best known for his role in the early days of the American War of Independence. Proved himself to be a competent administrator.

Front 44

Paul Revere

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An American Silversmith and an American patriot in the American Revolution. Remembered as a messenger for the Battle of Lexington and Concord.

Front 45

John Dickinson Letters to a farmer

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He was a Continental Congressman from Pennsylvania and Delaware, a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, President of Delaware and President of Pennsylvania. known as the "Penman of the Revolution" for his Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts.

Front 46

The Massachusetts Circular

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A statement written by Samuel Adams and it was passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in February 1768. In a way, it was in response to the Townshend Acts. It had tensions between the British Parliament and Massachusetts get to a boiling point, and resulted in the British Army occupying Boston, which contributed to the American Revolution.