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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 2 types of reflexes |
Simple: built in, unlearned Acquired/Conditioned: result of practice and learning |
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List the 5 different reflexes |
1. simple/basic or conditioned/acquired 2. monosnyaptic or polysynaptic 3. crossed or uncrossed 4. Ipsilateral or contralateral 5. flexor or extensor |
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Explain monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflexes |
involves one or many interneurons |
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Explain crossed or uncrossed reflexes |
crosses or does not cross the spinal cord
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Explain Ipsilateral or contralateral reflexes
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reaches either one side of the spinal cord or the opposite side of the spinal cord |
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Explain flexor or extensor reflexes |
either flew or extend a particular organ |
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What reflex prepares an infant for voluntary grasping? |
Grasp reflex |
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What is the rooting reflex |
a reflex that may prepare infant to turn its head towards the side of the face to find the nipple or bottle |
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Rooting reflex may be accomplished by the |
suckling reflex |
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How can the coughing and gagging reflex by accomplished in the development of the reflexes? |
When infant places nipple in its mouth - it touches the roof of mouth |
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What reflex can a newborn use to clear irritation?
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the coughing and gagging reflex |
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What is the babinski reflex?
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Extensions of great toe with a faning of the other tow when the lateral plantar surface of the foot is stroked from the heel across the ball of the foot |
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How can the moro/startle reflex be accomplished in the development of reflexes? |
Infant flinging its arms out then bringing them back towards the centre of the body to hold when startled or jarred |
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What happens to reflexes with aging? (2) |
1. reflexes may be vastly diminished 2. decreased number of nerve axons and their myelination - so deep tendon reflexes are difficult to elicit |
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What reflexes may by absent in an older/aging person? |
Achilles and plantar reflexes may be absent |
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Afferent division of the PNS carries |
information to the CNS |
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Efferent division carries
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information away from CNS to effector organs |
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Efferent division is divided into |
1. Somatic - consists of fibres of motor neurons that supply skeletal muscles - voluntary movement 2. Autonomic - consists of fibres that innerate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands |
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Autonomic NS is divided into |
1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic |
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The spinal cord extends from the brain through the _________ |
vertebral canal |
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There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord through __________ formed between _______ of ________ ____________ |
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord through spaces form between arches of adjacent vertebrae.
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Name for region of vertebral column which the spinal nerve pairs emerge (5) |
8 pairs cervical (neck) nerves 12 pairs thoracic (chest) nerve 5 pairs lumbar (abdominal) nerves 5 pairs sacral (pelvic) nerves 1 pair coccygeal (tailbone) nerves |
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Define nerve |
bundle of peripheral neruonal tissue axon, enclosed by connective tissue |
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Define mixed nerve |
contain motor and sensory information - most spinal nerves are mixed nerves |
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Define nerve plexus |
network/bundle of nerve fibres |
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Define dermatone: |
a special region of the body surface supplied by a particular nerve |
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What are the 3 different spinal nerve roots? |
1. dorsal and ventral roots 2. dorsal root ganglion 3. spinal nerves |
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Dorsal root = Ventral root = |
Dorsal root = sensory Ventral root = motor |
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Spinal cords white matter (3) |
- contains ascending and descending tracts which begin and end with a particular area of the brain - OUTER whitish region - groups into tracts and columns |
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Descending tracts |
carry motor information from the brain to the spinal ford via efferent inputs |
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Ascending tracts |
carry sensory information from the spinal cord to the brain via afferent inputs |
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Gray matter of spc (3) |
- within the center of spc
- contain central canal filled with CSF - contain neural cell bodies with dendrites, short interneurons and glial cells |
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Gray matter is divided into |
Dosal: cell bodies of interneurons on which afferent neurons terminate Ventral: cell bodies of autonomic efferent nerve fibres Lateral horn: cell bodies of somatic efferent neurons |
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An automatic response without conscious control/effort is called a |
Reflex |
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Afferent fibres enter the spc through the _____ Efferent fibres leave the spc through the ______ |
Afferent enter through dorsal root Efferent leave through ventral root |
