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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Galleon trade |
sole economic activity of the Spaniards in the Philippines |
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Recopilacion de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias |
laws governing the Spanish possessions |
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Capitulacion |
rewarded the conquistadors (royalgrants or awards) in exchange for conquered lands |
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Cabecera |
were the only placesthat tribute collection was regular |
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reduccion |
a community in the process of being prepared or trained for civilgovernment |
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doctrina |
a community undergoing lessons in the doctrine of the new faith andbeing prepared for baptism as Christians |
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missionary friar |
in charge of the doctrina, doubled as the teacher for reduccion |
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pueblo-parish |
community of nativesfully integrated into the colonial system |
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barangay |
component units of a pueblo |
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convent |
friar curate’s residence |
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block-and-street/compact |
layout employed so that families would be within hearing of the church bells |
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cabeza |
head of barangay chosen from the old datu class |
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gobernadorcillo |
pueblo head; also from old datu class |
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Spanish alcalde mayores |
provincial governor |
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Manpower |
most importantresource/factor of production (potentiality) |
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pueblo lands |
superficially similar to the pre-colonial land system (house lot with astrip of field along the residential area + communal tract) |
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1. obligationto work (full-employment) 2. improvedland preparation technology and 3. prohibitionof non-family labor |
Reasons why net reduction did not result in foodshortages or lower production: |
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Fukienese |
the plow is of [?] design |
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Panday Pira |
first foundryman |
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inquilinos |
(middlemen) or [manager to] renters/tenants |
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Realengas |
crown lands that made up the rest of the land in Filipinas |
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1. pueblo lands 2. land grants 3. realengas |
Types of lands during colonial rule of Spain in the Philippines |
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No land tax was ever imposed |
what these lands shared in common |
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Encomienda system |
system by which conquered natives were required to pay tribute and render othercontributions to the king (they were under the king’s encomienda) |
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Encomenderos |
awardees assigned designated barangays or pueblos |
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Encomienda |
meant the grant of authority to collect the tributes |
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1. maintenance of peace and order 2. education 3. Christianity |
Encomiendas were awarded in return for: |
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1. Crown 2. Private |
Two encomienda categories |
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it was a device for exacting produce and labor services from the subjectnatives |
The essence of the encomienda system |
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tribute |
basic contribution; 8 reales until 1589 when it was raised to 10 reales |
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Ø Gobernadorcillosand cabezas and their deputies Ø Menin the regime’s service such as soldiers and oarsmen in the galleys Ø Sickand crippled Ø Thosewhose crops had failed during the year Ø Sixtyyears old and over |
· Tribute-exempt classes: |
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Payment in kind |
was the rule because the natives had no coin |
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Compras/bandala |
under this system, the natives were imposed quotas of produce and othergoods to be delivered by the natives to the encomendero |
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Polo y Servicios |
v underthis system designated natives or quotas of men were drafted for compulsorylabor services |
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cortes de madera |
felling of trees in the forest |
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king |
principal beneficiary of the polos |
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Parish contributions |
consisted of the alms and other offerings related to masses and devotions;and fees for baptisms, marriages, funerals, indulgences, etc. (all-year round) |
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1. tributes 2. contributions of natives in parish-pueblos 3. other revenues from their lands, buildings, and other real property |
· General summary of the income of thereligious sector from three sources: |
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Chinese and the lay Spanish encomenderos |
The active legitimate domestic traders |
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Ley 47, Titulo 2, Libro V |
banned civil officials from engaging in trade; natives should be free toparticipate in trade |
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Personas exentas |
persons exempt from civiljurisdiction |
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Personas exentas |
status of the clergyjurisdiction |
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obras pias |
charitable Church fundactually used to support the galleon trade |
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Real Consulado |
an all-powerful board of trade |
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Real Consulado |
they allocated shipping space and shares in the outgoing cargo, andshippers’ shares in the profits from the returning shipments |
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two |
Number of galleons allowed to sail from Manila per year |
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Titulo 45, Libro IX of the Recopilacion in the |
states that no Spaniards (aside from those in Filipinas) could ship any China orAsia goods from Manila to Acapulco |
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1811 (officially 1813) |
end of Galleon trade |
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1. Archaic institution of the king’s estate 2. The conditions of land tenure and puebloagriculture 3. Serious decline in the work force througha protracted loss in the tributary population until 1700 |
v Theeconomy of the Filipinas during the Galleon trade period was shaped by three major factors: |
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Hacienda |
· A farm, whether small or large |
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Hacienda |
· Finance, as in a government department offinance |
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Hacienda |
· A person’s estate, his assets andproperties |
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Real Hacienda |
king’s estate |
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The New Kingdom of Castilla |
early name of Filipinas |
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Reales officiales (royal officials) |
officers assigned to keep accounts of the revenues and expenses of theking |
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factor, a treasurer, and an accountant |
Three officers of the reales officiales |
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Real situado |
a subsidy from the king for the support of the regime in Filipinas(250,000 pesos anually) |
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1. cultivated land consisted of parcels offields assigned to each family · 2. single occupational class – small farmers 3. No landless class (no landlord to tenantrelations) 4. Families as landholders, not owners 5. The mass of pueblo families had no overtsavings, or stocks of produce for trading |
Basicfeatures of pueblo agriculture: |
