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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of reproduction in plants?
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Sexual and asexual.
Sexual: alternating generations Asexual: vegetative reproduction-new plants are produced from part of existing old plant. In asexual reproduction, the new plant is genetically identical. |
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What is the dominant plant is most plants, sporophyte or gametophyte?
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sporophyte
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What is the dominant generation in mosses?
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Gametophyte
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What is the PROTONEMA in mosses?
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The small green filament of cells that can develop into the gametophyte in sexual reproduction.
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What is the dominant stage of the fern life cycle?
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sporophyte
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What is the dominant stage of conifers life cycle?
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sporophyte
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What are the two types of spores produced by the sporophyte in conifers?
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megaspores-female, develops into the female gametophyte and the archegonia
microspores-male, develops into pollen. |
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How does sexual reproduction work in pine trees?
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The wind blows the pollen (male) into the pine cone (female) and into the ovule in the pine cone.
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What is the opening in the ovule in the pine cone called?
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MICROPYLE
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Why does the pollen grain stay in the ovule?
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Because there is sticky fluid in the micropyle.
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How long after the pollen grain gets stuck in the ovule does fertilization occur?
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At least one year
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What happens after fertilization?
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The cone open and release the mature seeds, it drops to the ground and tries to grow.
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What are the four basic structure of a flower?
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sepals, petals, stamens and pistils.
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What are petals?
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colorful structures at the top of the flower stem.
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What are sepals?
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leaflike, encircle the flower stem.
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What is the stamen?
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male reproductive organ of a flower.
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What is the anther?
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produces pollen that contains the sperm.
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What is the name for all of the petals on a flower?
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corolla
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What is the name for all of the sepals of a flower?
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calyx
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What are the two parts of the stamen?
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anther and filament
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What is the name for the slender stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary?
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style
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what is the pistil?
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the female organ of the flower
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what is the bottom portion of the pistil?
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the ovary
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What is the difference between complete and incomplete flowers?
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Complete flowers have all four organs, incomplete flowers do not.
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What is photoperiodism?
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response of flowering plants to the daylight/darkness conditions.
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What controls flowering, length of daylight or length of darkness?
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length of darkness
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What does "critical period" mean with respect to flowering plants?
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The specific daylight-darkness conditions that will initiate flowering plants
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What is a short-day plant?
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a plant that flowers with the number of daylight hours is shorter than its critical period. Ex: poinsettas, pansies
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What is a long-day plant?
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A plant that flowers when the number of daylight hours is longer than its critical period. Ex: carnation, petunia
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What is a day-neutral plant?
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a plant that will flower over a range of daylight hours. Tropical plants, roses, many weeds.
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What is intermediate-day plant?
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A plant that will not flower if days are longer or shorter than its critical period. Grasses, sugarcane.
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Where is the female gametophyte formed in flowering plants?
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The ovule inside the ovary
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How are megaspores formed?
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in the ovule, a cell undergoes MEOSIS and produces haploid megaspores.
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What are the polar nuclei in the ovule called?
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the central cell
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Where in the ovule is the egg cell located?
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near the micropyle
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Where is the male gametophyte in flowering plants?
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anther
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How does pollination occur in anthophytes?
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transfer of the pollen grain to the stigma
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What are three ways for the pollen to be transferred?
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wind, water or animals
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What is nectar and why is it important?
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nectar is hichly concentrated food sought by animals or insects that visit flowers. Seeking nectar, they brush up agains the anther and the pollen attaches to the animal's or insect's body and is transferred to the another flower.
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What is double fertilization?
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one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm joins with the central cell.
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What is the ENDOSPERM?
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food storage tissue that supports development of the embryo in anthophyte seeds.
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What is fruit and how is it formed?
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Fruit is the structure that contains the seeds, it is formed after fertilization when the flower's ovary enlarges. There are fleshy fruits, dry fruits (peanuts, walnuts) and vegetables or grains that are actually fruits.
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What are some ways that seeds are dispersed?
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animals eat the fruit and poop out the seeds, seeds float aways on water, seeds get buried by animals, seeds can roll along the grass.
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what is dormancy?
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a period of inactivity in a mature seed.
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What is germination?
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beginning of development of the embryo into a new plant. Generally you need water, oxygen and the right temperature to germinate.
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What is the first part of the embryo to appear from the seed?
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The RADICLE
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What is the portion of the stem nearest the seed called?
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the HYPOCOTYL
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In monocots, the cotyledons remain in the ground, true or false?
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true
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What is vegetative reproduction?
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when the root, stem or leaf of a plant reproduces a new, genetically identical plant.
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what is the difference between monocots and dicots?
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one seed leaf versus two seed leaves.
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