Chapter 20: America Look Overseas 1853-1915

Front 1

big stick policy

Back 1

Associated with T. Roosevelt. U.S. foreign policy to use military force overseas to achieve its goals. See Panama Canal

Front 2

dollar diplomacy

Back 2

Pres. W.H. Taft's plan to "substitute dollars for bullets" in Latin America. Urges American businesses to invest there to increase U.S. influence in the region

Front 3

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 3

Filipino nationalist who led forces against the U.S. until 1901 when they realized that the U.S. would not grant the Philippines their independence

Front 4

George Dewey

Back 4

American commander of Pacific Fleet. When war breaks out with Spain (1898) secretly sails ships to Philippines (a Spanish colony) and destroys Spanish fleet at Manila Harbor

Front 5

Hawaii

Back 5

Wealthy American Plantation owners overthrow the Queen in 1893 with the help of U.S. marines. U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898

Front 6

imperialism

Back 6

policy of when a powerful, stronger nation seeks to take control of the economic and political affairs of weaker nations or a region. Often leads to colonies. Examples- Europe in Africa; U.S. and Philippines

Front 7

isolation

Back 7

Foreign policy of having little or nothing to do with other nations.

Front 8

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 8

American "yellow journalist". Owner of the New Yor World newspaper. Paper used yellow journalism to build American support for the Spanish American War (1898)

Front 9

Matthew Perry

Back 9

American sea captain; sent by Pres. M. Fillmore to Japan (1853) to open trade and end their isolation. Signed Treaty of Kanagawa

Front 10

open door policy

Back 10

1899- Policy proposed by U.S. to allow any nation (Europe, Japan, U.S.) to be allowed to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China

Front 11

Rough Riders

Back 11

volunteer cavalry unit participated in the Battle of San Juan Hill ultimately forcing the Spanish to surrender in Cuba. Teddy Roosevelt was 2nd in command and this victory launched his political career

Front 12

Seward's Folly

Back 12

Critical name given to Secretary of State, William Seward's 1867 purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia. People believed it to be a worthless "icebox" until gold was discovered in 1897, later oil in 1968

Front 13

sphere of influence

Back 13

an area, usually around a seaport, where a nation had special trading privileges and laws to protect their citizens. See China

Front 14

USS Maine

Back 14

U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba on February 15, 1898. This event directly led to U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War

Front 15

William McKinley

Back 15

President 1897-1901. In office during Spanish American War. Assassinated in Buffalo 1901

Front 16

William Randolph Hearst

Back 16

William Randolph Hearst

Front 17

yellow journalism

Back 17

sensational style of newspaper reporting which played on peoples emotions and helped influence events. Major cause of Spanish American War

Front 18

Commodor Matthew C. Perry

Back 18

sailed to Tokyo Bay and presented the Japenese with a letter from the president calling for Japan to grant trading rights to the Americans

Front 19

William Seward

Back 19

Strongly favored U.S. expansion, when Russia wanted to sell Alaska

Front 20

President Millard Fillmore

Back 20

Supported compromise of 1850 and signed it into law when Zachary Taylor died

Front 21

Queen Liliuokalani

Back 21

Championed several women's causes, supported the establishment of a college that would train Hawaiian to be scholars. Founded maternity home and championed the idea of a womens bank for Hawaii.

Front 22

Pres. William McKinley

Back 22

Ordered the battleship Maine to havana harbor to protect American lives and property

Front 23

Pres. Theodore Roosevelt

Back 23

Came from a wealthy New York family. Was often sick as a child. To build his strengths he lifted weights, ran, and boxed. At 23 he was elected to New York state legislature. Later he served on the Civil Service Commission. Then he headed to New York City's police department and served as assistant secretary of the navy. He led a unit of troops in some daring exploits that received wide-spread publicity. He came back home and was elected governor of New York. 2 years later he was elected Vice President.

Front 24

Commodore George Dewey

Back 24

Head of Pacific fleet. Moved his ships to strike the Philippines when war broke out. On May 1, he sank the entire Spanish squadron at Manila Bay, in the Philippines.

Front 25

William Randolph Hearst

Back 25

Was a yellow journalist of the New York Times. Tried to outdo Joseph Pulitzer in the use of sensational stories and headlines

Front 26

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 26

Was a rebel leader. Was enlisted by Dewey to help him seize Manila from the Spanish. He was a major help.

Front 27

Japan

Back 27

For 250 years, Japan blocked out the outside world. In 1853, a squadron of heavily armed warships sailed into Tokyo Bay, lead by Commodore Matthew Perry. Perry presented the Japanese with the letter from the President calling for Japan to grant trading rights to Americans. Japanese were awed by Perry's powerful chips and menacing guns. Perry returned in 1854, they signed a treaty opening Japan for trade.

Front 28

Alaska

Back 28

Was a Russian colony in 1867. Russia told U.S. secretary of State, William Seward, that they wanted to sell Alaska. Was purchased for $7.2 million.

Front 29

Hawaii

Back 29

A group of islands in the North Pacific. Could serve as a "Military and Commercial outpost in the Pacific." In 1820, the first American missionaries came, hoping to convert Hawaiians to Christianity. Later Americans set up sugar plantations. In 1887, planters forced the Hawaiian king, Kalakaua, to accept a new constitution that gave them great influence. In 1891, Kalakaua died and his sister, Liliuokalani, succeeded him. On July 7,1898, Congress voted to make Hawaii a territory of the United States after Americans overthrew the queen.

Front 30

China

Back 30

As China's empire expanded, so did it's trade. China established trade links with India, Korea, Japan, the Middle East, and Africa.

Front 31

Russia

Back 31

Was controlled by the most Communist governments of Eastern Europe. In 1956, Soviet troops marched into Hungary and smashed a revolt against its Communist leaders. In 1968, Soviet tanks ended democratic reforms in Czechoslovakia.

Front 32

Samoa

Back 32

A chain of islands in the South Pacific. The U.S. Navy wanted to set up coaling stations, were ships could stock up on coal. In 1899, the United States and Germany divided the island of Samoa.

Front 33

Spain

Back 33

Cuba was under Spains control since 1492. Over the years the cubans wanted their independence. In 1868, the Cubans began an uprising. America wanted Cuba and heard about the uprising. They took Cuba's side in the war and helped them win independence from spain.

Front 34

Cuba

Back 34

Cuba was under Spains control since 1492. Over the years the cubans wanted their independence. In 1868, the Cubans began an uprising. America wanted Cuba and heard about the uprising. They took Cuba's side in the war and helped them win independence from spain.

Front 35

Guam

Back 35

In 1898, Spain and the U.S. signed a peace treaty. Through that peace treaty America got Puerto Rico, The Philippines, Wake and Guam.

Front 36

Philippines

Back 36

The U.S took control of the Philippines. They renewed their fight for independence, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. In a 3-year war about 4,000 Americans and 20,000 Filipinos were killed. In 1901, Aguinaldo was captured and the fighting came to an end. In 1946, The Philippines got their independence.

Front 37

Puerto Rico

Back 37

Americans developed Puerto Rico's economy and educational system. In 1917, Puerto Ricans were made citizens of the United States.

Front 38

Colombia

Back 38

Early Spanish voyages set the stage for a great exchange between the Western and Eastern hemispheres. The columbian exchange is a transfer of people, products, and ideas between the hemispheres.

Front 39

Panama Canal

Back 39

In 1902, Panama was a province of Colombia. Roosevelt offered Colombia $10 million in cash and $250,000 yearly in rent to allow the U.S. to build a canal through Panama. The canal would be 50 miles wide and stretch from one end of Panama to the other

Front 40

Isolation

Back 40

Avoiding involvement in other countries affairs.

Front 41

Imperialism

Back 41

Building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world.

Front 42

Sphere of Influence

Back 42

Areas where another nation has economic and political control.

Front 43

"Boxers"

Back 43

Chinese people who thought they could fight with their fists and not get hurt by guns.

Front 44

Open Door Policy

Back 44

In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay issued a message to the other powers. He called to keep an "open door" in China. He meant that he wanted them to guarantee the rights of all nations to trade with China on an equal basis.

Front 45

"Seward's Folly"

Back 45

Named after William Seward for purchasing Alaska. Given because some thought Alaska was a frozen wasteland. He was mocked and made fun of.

Front 46

Yellow Journalism

Back 46

To describe the sensational reporting style.

Front 47

Social Darwinism

Back 47

A new philosophy that supported the trend for trusts.

Front 48

Trade

Back 48

A way to transport goods from one country to another.

Front 49

Annex

Back 49

To add on.

Front 50

Arrival of Perry in Japan

Back 50

The first arrival was threatening because he had huge gun boats with him.

Front 51

Boxer Rebellion

Back 51

Realized fighting with hands and fists didn't work and lost the rebellion.

Front 52

American Purchase of Alaska

Back 52

First, was frowned upon because Americans thought of it as an huge icebox. Then critics changed their mind when valuable discoveries of gold and other raw materials.

Front 53

Overthrow of Queen of Hawaii

Back 53

American planters organized an uprising. Without consulting the U.S. government, they persuaded a U.S. official to land 50 U.S. Marines to help overthrow the queen and set up a pro-American government.

Front 54

Annexation of Hawaii

Back 54

William McKinley favored annexation and supported a treaty to achieve it. On July 7,1898, Congress voted to make Hawaii a territory of the United States.

Front 55

Sinking of USS Maine

Back 55

Early in 1898, fighting broke out in Havana. President McKinley ordered the battleship Maine to Havana harbor to protect American lives and property. On February 15, a great explosion sank the Maine and killed 260 men. To this day no one knows what caused the explosion.

Front 56

Spanish American War

Back 56

Started because Cuba wanted independence from Spain but struggled greatly. Americans wanted Cuba for a while and saw an opportunity. America took Cuba's side in the war and helped them defeat Spain.