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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is the standard test done on virtually every pt. at every visit?
a) pupil evaluation b) slit-lamp exam c) visual acuity d) tonometry |
c) visual acuity
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The standard testing distance of 20 ft. is used to test visual acuity b/c:
a) this is the distance at which letter subtend 5 minutes of arc b) this is the length of most eye exam rooms c) this relaxes accommodation d) this stimulates accommodation |
c) this relaxes accommodation
>We do not wish the pt. to accommodate during distance testing. Light rays are nearly parallel at 20 ft. (accommodation relaxes), so this was selected as a practical testing distance |
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The figures on an eye chart or acuity chart, whether letters, numbers, symbols, or pictures, are known as:
a) Snellens b) optotypes c) points d) Allens |
b) optotypes
>Visual acuity testing figures are called optotypes.
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The top number (numerator) of the notation "20/200" means:
a) the size of optotypes b) the vision of a normal eye c) the test distance d) the pt.'s acuity |
c) the test distance
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The bottom number (denominator) of the notation "20/200" means:
a) the normal eye can recognize optotypes of this size from 2 ft. away b) the normal eye can recognize optotypes of this size from 20 ft. away c) an acuity quotient of 1% d) the testing distance is 1 ft. |
b) the normal eye can recognize optotypes of this size from 20 ft. away |
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A visual acuity of 20/20 or better (corrected or uncorrected) indicates all of the following except:
a) the media are clear b) the optic nerve is functioning properly c) the fovea is being used for fixation d) the rod cells are functioning normally |
d) the rod cells are functioning normally
>Visual acuity tests the cone cells, not the rods. |
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A person with 20/80 vision:
a) sees at 80 ft. what the normal eye can see at 20 ft. b) sees at 20 ft. what the normal eye can see at 80 ft. c) can see better than 20/20 d) has a refractive error |
b) sees at 20 ft. what the normal eye can see at 80 ft.
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The pt.'s acuity is noted to be 10/40. This indicates:
a) a test distance that is one-fourth of normal b) a test distance of 40 ft. c) a test distance of 20 ft. d) a test distance of 10 ft. |
d) a test distance of 10 ft.
>Top number (numerator)= testing distance. |
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A visual acuity of 20/15 means that:
a) the pt. was 15 ft. away from the chart b) the pt. missed 5 of the optotypes c) the pt. could not see 20/20 optotypes d) the pt.'s vision is better than 20/20 |
d) the pt.'s vision is better than 20/20
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A vision of 15/20 is tested how far from the target?
a) 0.5 ft. b) 10 ft. c) 15 ft. d) 20 ft. |
c) 15 ft.
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The pt.'s visual acuity is noted to be 5/200. Convert this to a standard "20/x" acuity notation.
a) 20/40 b) 20/400 c) 20/800 d) 20/1000 |
c) 20/800
>Multiply numerator by four to get 20, have to multiply denominator by four.
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The illumination in the examination room during the distant acuity test:
a) should be no less than half of the chart's illumination b) should be no less that one-fifth of the chart's illumination c) should be increased d) should be turned off |
b) should be no less that one-fifth of the chart's illumination
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Which of the following is an inadequate occlude?
a) near vision card b) 3*5 index card c) eye patch d) pt.'s hand |
d) pt.'s hand
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A pt. should be told not to squint during the acuity test b/c:
a) squinting will give a falsely low acuity b) squinting will give a falsely high acuity c) squinting will make the pupil enlarge d) squinting will make the pupil smaller |
b) squinting will give a falsely high acuity
>Squinting acts like a pinhole, thus, may improve the vision. |
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Which of the following acuity tests is appropriate for an illiterate pt.?
a) Snellen letters, numbers, & pictures b) Snellen letters, Sheridan Gardner test, & numbers c) Snellen letters, E game, & numbers d) E game, Landolt C, & sometimes numbers |
d) E game, Landolt C, & sometimes numbers
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All of the following could cause falsely low distance acuity readings except?
a) a fingerprint on the projector bulb b) smudges on the chart, mirrors, or slides c) an old projector bulb d) a laminated acuity chart closer than 20 ft. |
d) a laminated acuity chart closer than 20 ft.
>If the testing distance is closer than 20 ft., the letters seem larger. |
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The standard acuity chart or projector can produce a falsely high sense of the pt.'s usable vision b/c:
a) it is low contrast b) it is high contrast c) it does not have any contrast d) it is more accurate than a potential acuity meter reading |
b) it is high contrast
>It is high contrast (absolute black & stark white).
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The standard Snellen chart may not be adequate for evaluating how a pt. really see b/c:
a) it is not as accurate as a visual field test b) it does not measure macular function c) the "real world" is a mixture of shadows & contrast d) it is easy to memorize |
c) the "real world" is a mixture of shadows & contrast
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If the pt. cannot read the Snellen 20/400 line until he is 10 ft. from it, vision is recorded as:
a) 20/10 b) 10/400 c) 2/40 d) 10/200 |
b) 10/400 |
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A new pt.'s records have the following: VA cc 20/40 OD, 20/20 OS. Which of the following is true?
a) The pt.'s vision was checked without glasses. b) The pt.'s vision was checked with glasses. c) The pt.'s vision was checked with both eyes together. d) The pt.'s vision was checked with a pinhole. |
b) The pt.'s vision was checked with glasses.
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A new pt.'s records have the following: VA cc 20/40 OD, 20/20 OS. Which of the following is true?
a) the vision in the pt.'s right eye is 20/20 b) the vision in the pt.'s left eye is 20/40 c) the vision in the pt.'s left eye is 20/20 d) the pt.'s cumulative vision is 20/60. |
c) the vision in the pt.'s left eye is 20/20
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If the pt. is unable to read the Snellen 20/400 line:
a) vision does not need to be evaluated further b) a refractometric measurement should be done c) vision can only be checked with a Snellen chart d) decrease testing distance until he/she can recognize the 20/400 figure |
d) decrease testing distance until he/she can recognize the 20/400 figure
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If the pt. is unable to read the largest letters on the chart, another option is to:
a) have him/her count fingers at increasing distances b) switch to an illiterate chart c) refrain from further vision testing d) have him/her move further back from the chart |
a) have him/her count fingers at increasing distances
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If the pt. is unable to count fingers at 6 in., the next option is to:
a) record "blind" on the pt.'s record b) do a glare test c) do a contrast sensitivity test d) see if he/she can detect hand movement |
d) see if he/she can detect hand movement
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The hand motion test:
a) should be done by increasing the testing distance after each accurate response b) should be done by moving the hand 3 in. in front of the pt.'s face c) can be done at any distance from the pt. b/c the distance is irrelevant d) should be done with both eyes opened |
a) should be done by increasing the testing distance after each accurate response
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Under what circumstances would you use a penlight to evaluate a pt.'s vision?
a) when he/she has failed to read the Snellen chart b) when he/she has failed to count fingers c) when he/she has failed to see hand motion d) when he/she has failed the glare test |
c) when he/she has failed to see hand motion
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The difference between light perception & light projection is:
a) light perception is the ability to locate the light; light projection is the ability to see the light b) light perception vision is better than light projection c) light perception is the ability to see light; light projection is the ability to locate the light d) light perception can be done with children; light projection is done in adults. |
c) light perception is the ability to see light; light projection is the ability to locate the light
>Perception= pt. can see light; projection= pt. can detect the direction of light which is considered to be a higher level of vision than light perception alone. |
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The pt. should be told to hold the near card:
a) at whatever distance give the best vision b) at 14-16 in. c) at 1 meter d) in his/her lap |
b) at 14-16 in.
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Vision with both eyes together:
a) is never checked b) is usually slightly better than each eye tested alone c) is usually slightly worse than each eye tested alone d) should be checked without correction |
b) is usually slightly better than each eye tested alone
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Each of the following represents normal near vision except:
a) 14/14 b) J2 c) N5 d) L1 |
d) L1
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It is appropriate to include notes with the visual acuity measurement to indicate:
a) the pt.'s attention during the test b) accuracy of occlusion c) illumination of the chart d) illumination of the room |
a) the pt.'s attention during the test
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In an ocular emergency, visual acuity should be checked:
a) only after instilling numbing drops b) only if the pt. c/o vision loss c) in every case d) on a case-by-case basis |
d) on a case-by-case basis
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A malingerer is:
a) a pt. who cannot read b) a pt. who cannot verbalize c) a pt. who intentionally & falsely claims to have poor vision d) a pt. who has poor vision due to hysteria |
c) a pt. who intentionally & falsely claims to have poor vision
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The "crowding phenomenon" affects the visual acuity of pts. with:
a) astigmatism b) strabismus c) amblyopia d) ametropia |
c) amblyopia
>A person with amblyopia may have better acuity if optotypes are presented singly. Thus, a row of optotypes ("crowded") gives a more accurate acuity. |
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B/c of the "crowding phenomenon," it is best to check visual acuity:
a) in a room with no other people present b) with both eyes open c) using isolated figures c) using a row of figures |
c) using a row of figures
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Which of the following notations means that a 6 month old infant's vision is probably normal?
a) Allen card vision of 10/10 b) fixates on a bright light in a dark room c) searching movements, OU d) central, steady, & maintained |
d) central, steady, & maintained
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Which of the following are the earliest letters recognized by children?
a) HTOV b) ABC c) XYZ d) EGK |
a) HTOV
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Clinically, amblyopia is diagnosed when the:
a) best-corrected vision of each eye differs by 2 or more acuity lines b) best-corrected vision of each eye differs by 4 or more acuity lines c) uncorrected vision of each eye differs by 4 our more acuity lines d) pt. cannot appreciate binocular/stereoscopic vision |
a) best-corrected vision of each eye differs by 2 or more acuity lines |
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Which of the following is appropriate when testing a preschooler for amblyopia?
a) single Allen cards b) isolated projected figures c) a full line of figures d) single Es |
c) a full line of figures
>An amblyopic eye can identify figures more easily if they are isolated than if they are presented in a group. This is called the crowded phenomenon. An accurate assessment of vision on an amblyopic eye can be obtained only by using a row of age-appropriate optotypes. |
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It is best to check the amblyopic eye first b/c:
a) the child will object to having the strong eye covered b) the child will object to having the amblyopic eye covered c) the child might memorize the chart if the strong eye is tested first d) it is important to learn if the stronger eye has been occluded |
c) the child might memorize the chart if the strong eye is tested first
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A disadvantage to the Allen card is:
a) most children do not recognize the pictures b) the testing distance must be standardized c) it is difficult to record d) it presents single pictures instead of a row of pictures |
d) it presents single pictures instead of a row of pictures
>Single pictures, as with the Allen cards, may give a falsely high acuity if the pt. has amblyopia. |
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When testing the vision of a child with the Allen cards, a difference in the testing distance of how many ft. between the eyes is considered significant?
a) 1 ft. b) 2 ft. c) 3.5 ft. d) 5 ft. |
d) 5 ft.
>In Allen card testing, a difference between the two eye of 5 ft. or more is considered a positive finding for amblyopia. |
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The potential acuity meter (PAM) is commonly used to evaluate macular function in the presence of:
a) glaucoma b) retinal disorders c) optic nerve disease d) media opacities |
d) media opacities
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Before performing a PAM test, it is important to:
a) set the eye piece b) enter the pt.'s refractive error c) calibrate the unit d) have the pt. wear his/her best correction |
b) enter the pt.'s refractive error
>There is a knob on the side of the unit where you must dial in the spherical equivalent of the pt.'s refractive error. |
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Your pt. has cataracts. The surgeon may want a PAM measurement on him/her if the pt. also has:
a) macular degeneration b) glaucoma c) dry eye d) high astigmatism |
a) macular degeneration
>The PAM will help the surgeon know whether the pt.'s vision will be improved enough to make the sx worthwhile. |
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Which of the following might warrant a PAM test?
a) preoperative posterior capsulotomy b) preoperative refractive sx c) preoperative laser trabeculectomy d) preoperative laser iridotomy |
a) preoperative posterior capsulotomy
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All of the following are true regard PAM test except:
a) the pt. should be dilated b) ask the pt., "Do you see anything?" c) do not check the pupils just prior to testing d) position the pt. firmly in the chinrest |
d) position the pt. firmly in the chinrest
>The chinrest is actually moved out of the way so the pt. can talk without disrupting fixation. |
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The target of a PAM is a(n):
a) Amsler chart b) eye chart c) set of mires d) grid pattern |
b) eye chart
>The PAM eye chart target is projected directly onto the retina, bypassing moderate opacities in the ocular media. |
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Which of the following is not true regarding the pinhole?
a) if vision improves with the pinhole, a refractive error is present b) it compensates for media opacities c) it can be used if a pt. has forgotten his/her glasses d) it increases contrast |
b) it compensates for media opacities
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