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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviant Behavior |
Behavior that breaks from society's norms |
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Maladaptive Behavior |
Behavior that interferes with an individual's ability to perform daily functions, or work |
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Distressing Behavior |
Behavior that causes the individual personal anxiety or stress |
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Etiology |
Determining the causation and developmental history of the disease in the patient |
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Multi-Axial System |
Allows for diagnosis of patients on a multi-dimensional level, not included in the DSM-V |
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DSM |
Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (current is DSM-V) |
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General Anxiety Disorder |
(Anxiety) [5%] Marked by high levels of chronic anxiety not tied to a specific event, more common in women than men |
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Specific Phobia |
(Anxiety) [10%] Persistent or irrational fear that presents no realistic danger |
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Panic Disorder |
(Anxiety) Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that occur unexpectedly, begin late adolescence/early adulthood, 66% of diagnoses are female |
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Agoraphobia |
Fear of going outside/ into public places |
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Obsessions |
(OCD) Reoccurring thoughts that emerge in an individual's mind in a distressing manner, usually center around hurting self or others/ personal failures |
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Compulsions |
(OCD) Actions that one feels forced to carry out |
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OCD |
(Anxiety) [2-3%] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, persistent intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) or urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions) |
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PTSD |
(Trauma-Related) [7%] Post-Traumatic Stress, severe psychological stress as a result of experiencing a major traumatic event, nightmares, flashbacks, emotional numbing, key predictor is one's emotional reaction to the event (less emotion shown = greater risk) |
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Excoriation |
(Anxiety) Repeated urges to pick or peel at one's skin, usually to the point of causing damage to the skin |
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Biological Causes of Anxiety Disorders |
Genetics: greater instance of disorders in identical twins Neurotransmitters: abnormalities with the GABA transmitter-- most anti-anxiety meds work on this |
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Conditioning in Learning in Anxiety Disorders |
Many anxiety disorders, especially phobias, are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning |
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Dissociative Disorders |
Disorders where people lose access to their conscious or memory, causing disruptions in their sense of identitiy |
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Dissociative Amnesia |
Sudden loss of personal memory that is too extensive to be from normal forgetting |
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Dissociative Fugue |
Sudden loss of personal information, name, address, etc., individual retains general knowledge (how to drive, etc.) |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder |
Formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, disruption of normal personality marked by the presence of more than one distinct personality, debatable existence |
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Difference between DID and Schizophrenia |
DID- two distinct personalities Schizo- only one personality, complete break from reality |
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Mood Disorders |
Disorders characterized by the elevation or lowering of one's mood |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
(Mood) [7-18%] Individuals show persistent sadness and despair, loss of interest in things that used to bring happiness, more common in women than men |
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Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder |
5 or more in a 2 week period: lack of interest or pleasure (anhedonia), weight loss/gain, lack of energy (energia), slower/faster body movement, insomnia (terminal and middle), reoccurring thoughts of death/suicide |
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Anhedonia |
Symptom found in both Major Depressive and Schizophrenia, loss of interest or pleasure in previously pleasurable things |
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Unipolar Depression |
Another name for Major Depressive Disorder |
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Dysthymic Disorder |
Chronic Depression that lasts for two years or more |
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Bipolar Disorder |
(Mood) [1%] Manic-Depressive Disorder, individuals vary between periods of intense depression and extreme highs (mania) |
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Symptoms of Mania |
Upswing in mood, motivation, constant need for companionship, increased activity, risky behavior, decreased sleep |
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Cyclothymic Disorder |
Chronic but mild fluctuations between mania and depression |
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Suicide Statistics |
12th leading cause of death, up to 30,000 deaths per year, more women attempt, more men succeed |
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Biological Causes of Mood Disorders |
Neurotransmitters: Not enough dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine reaching receptors |
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Cognitive Factors of Mood Disorders |
Learned Helplessness: "giving up", attribute their problems to personal faults, see themselves as a problem |
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Aaron Beck Model Cognitive Model |
(Mood) People who have depression look at the world through a schema, like a lens, which leads to negative view of the self, future, and world around them |
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Psychotic Disorders |
Group of disorders, most common is Schizophrenia |
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Prevalence of Schizophrenia |
(Psychotic) 1% of the population, 15-25% will experience delusions, usually develops late adolescence/early adulthood in most, earlier for males than females, childhood 1 in 10,000, more prominent in males |
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Non-Psychotic Problems for Schizo. Sufferers |
15-30% increase in suicide rate May die up to 20 years earlier Effects cardiovascular system |
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Psychotic Disorders have ____ clusters of symptoms (define) |
3: positive (excesses), negative (losses), and neutral |
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Positive Cluster Symptoms |
Hallucinations (visual and auditory), delusions of: reference, persecution, grandeur, being controlled by others |
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Delusions |
(Psychotic) Beliefs that are not consistent with reality, bizarre content, positive symptom |
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Delusions of Reference |
(Psychotic) Actions or events have special meaning for only the effected person |
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Delusions of Grandeur |
Belief that one has special abilities that are far beyond the realm of possibility |
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Negative Cluster Symptoms |
(Psychotic) Alogia, Blunted and Flat Affect, Avolition, Asociality, Anhedonia, Disorganized Speech |
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Alogia |
Negative symptom of schizophrenia, poverty of speech, person affected responds to questions with one word answers, doesn't elaborate |
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Blunted and Flat Affect |
Person has a uniform, emotionless expression, monotone voice, talking isn't accompanied by any gestures or motions |
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Avolition |
The inability to follow through on things, lack of motivation |
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Cognitive Impairment in schizophrenians |
1.5 standard deviations below normal abilities in every major cognitive category |
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Physiological Problems associated with Schizophrenia |
Loss of grey matter, enlarged ventricles (brain), less efficient axons |
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Subtypes of Schizophrenia |
(Psychotic) Catatonic, Disorganized, Paranoid, Undifferentiated, |
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Catatonic Schizophrenia |
Psychomotor disturbance causes "shitdown" of most functions, catatonic individuals will not eat or drink unless necessary |
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Paranoid Schizophrenia |
Characterized by visual and auditory hallucinations |
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Disorganized Schizophrenia |
Characterized by general confusion, blunted and flat affect, |
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Premorbid Phase |
(Psychotic) Earliest phase of schizophrenia development, associated with subtle social and motor abnormalities |
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Prodromal Phase |
(Psychotic) Stage after Premorbid phase, occurs 2-4 years before the onset of schizophrenia, symptoms start to develop: gradual withdrawal from social interactions, less speech, thoughts characteristic to psychosis |
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Progression of Prodromal Phase to schizophrenia |
Only 20-30% of those who go through the Prodromal Phase actually progress to schizophrenia |
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Duration of Schizophrenia |
Schizophrenia is not permanent, up to 40% of those with schizophrenia will recover at some point |
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Biological Factors in Schizophrenia |
Neurotransmitters: too much dopamine present in the brain |
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Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia |
Usually a member of families that are: overprotective, critical, and hostile |
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Personality Disorders |
Divided into three groups: Odd/Eccentric, Anxious/Fearful, Dramatic/Impulsive |
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Odd/Eccentric Personality Disorder |
Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid |
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Anxious/Fearful |
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive |
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Dramatic Impulsive |
Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderline, Antisocial |
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Schizoid |
Indifference towards social relationships, limited social expression |
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Schizotypal |
Range of interpersonal problems, odd ways of thinking |
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Paranoid |
Complete mistrust of others, inaccurate but not delusional, often avoid relationships |
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Antisocial |
Commonly associated with individuals who are psychopaths, criminal behavior, no remorse |
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Borderline |
Personality/Emotional instability, fear abandonment, engage in attention seeking behaviors |
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Histrionic |
Hyperemotional, always seeking the center of attention |
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Narcissistic |
Grandiose, need to be admired |
