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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA duplicates by a process called |
DNA replication |
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DNA replication is called semiconservative because: |
half of the parent structure is retained in each of the daughter duplexes |
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Conservative replication |
-The 2 original strands would remain together as would the 2 newly synthesized strands -One of the daughter duplexes would contain only parental DNA, while the other daughter duplex would contain only newly synthesized DNA |
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Dispersive Replication |
-The parental strands would be broken into fragments, and the new strands would be synthesized in short segments -Old fragments and new segments would be joined together to form a complete strand |
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Replication starts at the ______ site, where a number of proteins bind to ______ replication |
origin initiate |
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Replication forks |
points where pair of replicating segments come together and join the nonreplicated segments |
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DNA gyrase |
relieves the tension by changing the DNA into negatively supercoiled DNA; uses ATP hydrolysis |
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DNA polymerase |
responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands from a DNA template |
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Polymerization occurs in the ___ to ___ direction |
5' to 3' |
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Leading strand |
synthesized continuously |
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Lagging strand |
synthesized discontinuously |
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The lagging strand is constructed of small ________, which are joined by DNA ligase |
Okazaki fragments |
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Primase |
An RNA polymerase that assembles short RNA primers |
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Helicase and single-stranded DNA-binding (SSB) proteins |
unwind the parental duplex and separate the 2 strands |
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Replication forks are located within sites called |
replication foci |
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Nucleotide excision repair |
removes bulky lesions, such as pyrimidine dimers and chemically altered nucleotides |
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Base excision repair |
removes altered nucleotides that produce distortions of the double helix |
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Mismatch repair (MMR) |
The correction of mistakes that escape the DNA polymerase proofreading activity |
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Ionizing radiation cause ______________ |
double-strand breaks (DSBs) |
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