Chapter 12 Lecture Notes

Front 1

Who was the man that proposed the concept of the self that is widely accepted today?

Back 1

William James

Front 2

What are the two selves called?

Back 2

I-self, Me-self

Front 3

Define 'I-self'

Back 3

It's a subjective entity that constructs and seeks to know the other self.

Front 4

Define 'me-self'

Back 4

What can be objectively known about the self. Also called the self-concept.

Front 5

Define 'self-concept'

Back 5

a total picture of our abilities and traits

Front 6

What age do children develop self-concept?

Back 6

Age 2, as toddlers

Front 7

What are the three parts the Me-self is divided into?

Back 7

material self, social self, and spiritual self

Front 8

Define 'material self'

Back 8

physical attributes, possessions

Front 9

Define 'social self'

Back 9

self seen by others

Front 10

Define 'spiritual self'

Back 10

highest level, consists of thoughts, values, dispositions

Front 11

What self emerges from birth to 15 months?

Back 11

I-self

Front 12

Define 'self-efficacy'

Back 12

a sense of capability to master challenges and achieve goals

Front 13

What self emerges between 15-30 months?

Back 13

Me-self

Front 14

By 20-24 months toddlers begin to use this form of language..

Back 14

first-person pronouns

Front 15

Three year old children describe themselves in these terms..

Back 15

global terms based on external qualities rather than psychological qualities.

Front 16

Define 'self-esteem'

Back 16

Refers to the value we attac to the mental pictures of ourselves.

Front 17

At what age do children become critical about themselves?

Back 17

Age 8

Front 18

Research suggests that ____ have higher self-esteem than ____.

Back 18

Boys- girls

Front 19

What are the two self concepts developed by William James?

Back 19

Core or baseline, barometric self image

Front 20

Define 'core or baseline'

Back 20

self image that remains fairly consistent

Front 21

Define 'barometric self image'

Back 21

varies in different situations

Front 22

This psychosocial stage of development occurs in the middle childhood age-

Back 22

industry v. inferiority

Front 23

Harter's self-perception profile for children (SPPC)stated..

Back 23

self-esteem is influenced mostly by physical appearance and social acceptance among others.

Front 24

Define 'gender identity'

Back 24

the understanding and acceptance that one is a male or female.

Front 25

Being less vulnerable, developing faster, less reactive to stress, and more likely to survive infancy are all characteristics of...

Back 25

a female

Front 26

Having better visual-spatial skills, mathematics skills, being physically aggressive are all characteristics of..

Back 26

a male

Front 27

Define 'gender roles'

Back 27

The behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and personality traits that a culture considers appropirate for males or females.

Front 28

Define 'gender-typing'

Back 28

the process by which children learn and acquire a gender role, takes place early in childhood, but varies.

Front 29

Define 'gender stereotypes'

Back 29

Preconceived generalizations about male or female behavior or the belief people share about the typical characteristics of males and females.

Front 30

What are the four perspectives on gender development?

Back 30

Biological, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and socialization

Front 31

This theory focuses on specific physiological or biochemical processes that affect gender development-

Back 31

biological theory

Front 32

The development of gender identity is the result of identification (Freudian theory- a young child adopts characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviors of the parents of the same sex.)

Back 32

psychoanalytic approach

Front 33

This theory states the awareness that one will always be male or female.

Back 33

cognitive approach

Front 34

Gender consistency occurs in how many stages?

Back 34

3 stages

Front 35

Name the three stages and their importance.

Back 35

1st- awareness of own gender
2nd- realization of maturity
3rd- realization of remaining the sex born as

Front 36

Define 'gender schema' proposed by Sandra Bem

Back 36

Children socialize themselves in their gender roles by developing a mentally organized network of information.

Front 37

What are gender-typed play preferences?

Back 37

age 3-4 children play with toys that reinforce their gender/sex

Front 38

What is Bandura's social cognitive theory?

Back 38

Children learn gender roles through socialization.