Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Agricultural crisis
|
The weather began to change. Between 1300 and 1450, there was a little ice age, which led to freezing crops that never ripened. Many storms also brought torrential rains that ruined the wheat, oat and hay crops on which people and humans depended. The Great Famine was between 1315-1322. The cost of grain, livestock, and dairy products rose sharply. Reduced caloric intake meant increased susceptibility to disease, especially for infants, children, and the elderly. Workers had lower diets and less energy, which meant lower productivity, lower output, and higher prices.
|
|
|
Black death
|
The Black Death/Bubonic Plague arrived in 1347 on Genoese ships. It killed 1/3 of Europe in the first wave of infection.
|
|
|
Consequences of the black death
|
The Black Death brought on a general European inflation. High mortality produced a fall in production, shortages of goods, and a general rise in prices. People wanted more money, and less people meant a higher standard of living, which meant greater mobility for peasants in rural areas and workers in towns. The price of slaves also rose. The entire society was filled with pessimism (flagellants).
|
|
|
Positives of Black Death
|
Western Europeans improved navigation techniques and increased long-distance trade, which permitted the importation of grain from sparsely populated Baltic regions. Quarantine measures were strictly enforced and they worked on developing vaccines.
|
|
|
Who fought in the 100 Years War?
|
England and France. It was actually fought for 116 years (1337-1453).
|
|
|
Causes of 100 Years War
|
Treaty of Paris: English king agreed to become vassal of the French crown for the duchy of Aquitaine. The English claimed Aquitaine as an inheritance, but French policy was very expansionist and the French kings resolved to absorb the duchy into the kingdom of France. When Charles IV of France died childless, Isabella and her son Edward III of England tried to take the crown, but France decided that no woman nor her son were allowed to rule. Philip VI of Valois got to rule instead. Later Edward III paid homage to Philip VI for Aquitaine and Philip confiscated the Duchy. Edward saw this as a violation to the treaty and a cause for war.
|
|
|
100 Years War / Why was it so long?
|
It became a French civil war, where some French barons supported the English monarchs in order to upset the centralizing goals of the French crown. Both governments manipulated public opinion to support the war. The war was popular because it presented unsusual opportunities for wealth and advancement. The two turning points were when the English withdrew from Orleans and when Charles VII was crowned king of France. At the war's end in 1453, only the town of Calais remained in English hands.
|
|
|
Babylonian Captivity
|
Philip the Fair of France pressured Pope Clement V to settle permeanently in Avignon. Clement lacked the will to resist and moved there from 1309 to 1376. It badly damaged papal prestige. The Avignon papacy reformed its financial administration and centralized its government but the popes concentrated in bureaucratic matters instead of spiritual ones. The general atmosphere was of extravagance. The Papal States lacked stability and good government. The ecomomy of Rome had been based on the presense of the papal court and the tourist trade so the Captivity left the poverty stricken. Pope Gregory then brought the papal court back to Rome. He soon died, creating the Great Schism.
|
|
|
Great Schism
|
After Gregory XI, who brought the papal court back to Rome died, they chose an Italian, Urban VI who basically sucked, as pope. He excommunicated some cardinals who met at Anagni and they declared Urban's election invalid and elected their own pope, Clement VII, who set up shop in Avignon.
|
|
|
Conciliar Movement
|
Conciliarist believed that reform of the church could be best achieved through periodic assemblies, or general councils, that represented all the Christian people. They acknowledged that the pope was head of the church but believed he derived his authority from the entire Christian community. They favored a balanced or constitutional form of church government, with papal authority shared with a general council, in contrast to the monarchical one that prevailed.
|
