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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Adversarial system |
A legal system of common law origin where two parties advocate opposing positions and a neutral finder of fact such as a judge or jury determines the truth in the matter |
A system |
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Bench trial |
A trial without a jury, in which judge serves as the fact finder |
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Bill of rights |
The first 10 amendments of the constitution which guarantee many fundamental rights |
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Civil liberties |
Individual rights protected by law from violation by the government |
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Corrections |
The various methods and institutions by which society deals with criminal offenders, such as prisons, jails, probation, and parole. |
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Court |
Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes |
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Crime |
An act or omission that is prohibited by law and has associated an punishment |
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Criminal justice system |
The several sets of agencies and processes established by governments to prevent and control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws. |
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Defendant |
In a civil case, the person or organization against whom the plaintiff brings suit; in a criminal case, the person accused of crime |
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Defense counsel |
A Lawyer retained for a usually specializing in the defense of a person accused of a crime |
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Discretion |
The freedom of a criminal justice agent to decide what should be done in a particular situation based on professional judgment. |
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Do |
In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that a defendant will receive a fair and impartial trial |
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Due process clause |
Both the fifth and 14th amendment contain due processes causes that protect people from fundamentally unfair practices by the criminal dresses system. |
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Equality |
Treating everyone the same. |
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Equity |
Giving everyone what they deserve. |
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Exclusionary rule |
Doctrine that says evidence obtained in violation of a criminal defendant’s constitutional or statutory rights is not admissible at trial. |
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Fifth amendment |
The fifth amendment imposes restrictions on the government‘s prosecution of people accused of crimes |
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Finder of fact |
A person (such as a judge) or a group of people (such as a jury) who are responsible for determining the facts in a trial or other legal proceeding. |
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14th amendment |
An amendment to the US Constitution that prohibits states from violating people do process rights. |
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Incarceration |
Imprisonment |
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Individual rights |
Rights related to an individuals freedom to pursue goals without interference from government. |
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Jail |
A secure confinement facility that holds persons accused of crimes and persons convicted of minor crimes. |
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Judge |
An official of the judicial branch with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts. |
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Jury |
The group of people selected to hear the evidence in a trial and render a verdict on matters of fact. |
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Just deserts |
A deserved punishment |
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Just |
A complex concept involving the ideas of fairness and conformity to the law. |
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Lex Talionis |
A Latin legal phrase signifying the law of retaliation, whereby criminals are punished to the same degree and kind as the harm done to their crimes. |
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Parole |
A type of early release from prison where the parolee must abide by certain specified conditions and be supervised in a community by a patrol officer. |
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Police |
A civil (rather than military) forced tasked with the prevention in detection of crime and disorder, as well as many service functions. |
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Prison |
Institution designed for a confinement of persons found guilty of serious crimes. |
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Probatio |
Instead of sending an individual to prison, the court releases the person to the community and orders him or her to complete a period of supervision and to abide by certain conditions. |
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Procedural justice |
Sometimes called procedural fairness; a synonym of due process |
Due process |
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Prosecutor |
An attorney who conducts cases against criminal defendants in the name of the state |
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Retributive justice |
A model of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than other goals such as rehabilitation. |
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Rule of law |
The principal of government by established law rather than the will of a group or individual |
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Sheriff |
The chief law enforcement officer of a county; the office originated in feudal England as shire-reeve |
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Sheriff’s deputies |
Sworn law enforcement officers working under the direction of a county sheriff. |
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Statute |
A law passed by a legislature. |
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Trial by jury |
A type of trial where a jury (usually composed of 12 citizens) decide if the prosecutor has proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt. |
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U.S. Code |
A collection of all the laws passed by Congress of the United States organized by subject |
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