Chapter 1

Front 1

Kinesiology

Back 1

study of movement

Front 2

Biomechanics

Back 2

mechanical principle that relate directly to the human body

Front 3

Kinetics

Back 3

forces causing movement

Front 4

Kinematics

Back 4

time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system

Front 5

Anatomical Position

Back 5

standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward

Front 6

Fundamental position

Back 6

same as anatomical position except with palms facing sides of the body

Front 7

Medial

Back 7

refers to a location or position toward the midline

Front 8

Lateral

Back 8

farther from the midline

Front 9

Anterior

Back 9

front of the body or closer to the front

Front 10

Posterior

Back 10

back of the body or closer to back

Front 11

Ventral

Back 11

same as anterior(front)

Front 12

Dorsal

Back 12

same as posterior (back)

Front 13

Distal

Back 13

describes locations on the extremities. away from trunk. elbow is distal to the shoulder

Front 14

Proximal

Back 14

describes locations on the extremities. toward the trunk. shoulder is distal to the elbow

Front 15

Superior

Back 15

body part that is above another or the upper surface of an organ/structure

Front 16

Inferior

Back 16

body part that is below another or the lower surface of an organ/structure

Front 17

Cranial

Back 17

position or structure close to the head

Front 18

Caudal

Back 18

position or structure close to the feet

Front 19

Superficial

Back 19

relative to depth. ex: skin is superficial to muscle

Front 20

Deep

Back 20

relative to depth (deeper). ex: muscle is deep to the skin

Front 21

Supine

Back 21

when a person is lying straight with face up

Front 22

Prone

Back 22

face down

Front 23

Bilateral

Back 23

two or both sides

Front 24

Contralateral

Back 24

refers to opposite sides

Front 25

Ipsilateral

Back 25

same side of the body

Front 26

Linear Motion (translatory motion)

Back 26

straight line from one location to another. all parts of the object move the same direction and distance at the same time.

Front 27

Curvilinear Motion

Back 27

movement occurs in a curved path that isn't necessarily circular

Front 28

Angular Motion (rotary motion)

Back 28

movement of an object around a fixed point. all parts move through the same angle and direction at the same time but do not move the same distance

Front 29

Osteokinematics

Back 29

relationship of the movement of bones around a joint axis. ex: humerus moving on scapula

Front 30

Arthrokinematics

Back 30

relationship of joint surface movement. ex: humeral head's movement within glenoid fossa of scapula

Front 31

Flexion

Back 31

bending movement bringing two segments closer together and causing an increase in the joint angle.

Front 32

Extension

Back 32

straightening movement causing an increase in joint angle.

Front 33

Hyperextension

Back 33

continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

Front 34

Palmar flexion

Back 34

flexion at the wrist

Front 35

Planter flexion

Back 35

flexion at the ankle

Front 36

Dorsiflexion

Back 36

extension at the wrist and/or ankle joints

Front 37

Abduction

Back 37

movement away from midline

Front 38

Adduction

Back 38

movement toward midline (adding to)

Front 39

Horizontal abduction

Back 39

shoulder movement backward. cannot occur from anatomical position. must be preceded by either flexion or abduction of the shoulder joint so that the arm is at shoulder level

Front 40

Radial deviation

Back 40

hand moves laterally or toward thumb side. more common term for wrist abduction

Front 41

Ulnar deviation

Back 41

hands moves medially or toward little finger side. more common term for wrist adduction

Front 42

Lateral Bending

Back 42

when trunk moves sideways

Front 43

Circumduction

Back 43

motion that describes a circular, cone shaped pattern. involves a combo of 4 joint motions: flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction

Front 44

Medial Rotation (internal rotation)

Back 44

anterior surface rolls inward toward the midline

Front 45

Lateral Rotation (external rotation)

Back 45

anterior surface rolls outward away from midline

Front 46

Supination

Back 46

palm of the hand is up (anteriorly)

Front 47

Pronation

Back 47

palm of the hand is down (posteriorly)

Front 48

Inversion

Back 48

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle (in)

Front 49

Eversion

Back 49

moving sole of the foot outward at the ankle (out)

Front 50

Protraction

Back 50

mostly a linear movement along a plane parallel to the ground and away from the midline.

Front 51

Retraction

Back 51

mostly a linear movement in the same plane toward the midline.