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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One primary objective of all training programs shoukd be to ______ |
Improve functionality |
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Functionality improves clients ability to _____ |
Perform their activities of daily living (adl) |
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Static posture |
The alignment of the body's segments |
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Good posture and structural integrity Is defined as |
Musculoskeletal alignment and balance that allow muscles joint and nerves to function efficiently |
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What type of muscle is involve in holding a proper postural position? |
Deeper muscles that contain greater concentrations of Type1 muscle fibers |
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Mucles imbalances associated table |
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Lordosis: increased anterior lumbar curve from neutral |
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Increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral |
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Sway back: decreased anterior lumvat curve and increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral |
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Flat back: decreased anterior lumbar curve |
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Scoliosis: lateral spinal curvature often accompanied bt vertebral rotation |
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Why is static postural assessment considered very useful? |
Serves as a starting point from which a personal trainer can identify muscle imbalances and potential movement compensations associated with poor posture |
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Tight or shortened muscles often ___ |
Overactive and dominate movement at the joint, disruoting healthy joint mechanics |
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Correctible factors Of muscle imbalances and postural deviations |
-Repetitive movements -awkward position -side dominance -lack of joint stability and mobility -imbalance strength training programs |
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Non-correctible factors of muscle 8mbalance and postural deviations |
-Congenital conditions (scoliosis) -sone pathologies (rheumatoid athritis) -structural deviations -certain traumas (injury, surgery etc) |
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Movement efficiency pattern..no back side |
Study |
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What are the five key postural deviations that occur frequently in individuals? |
- Ankle pronation/supination and effect on tibial and femoral rotation - Hip adduction - Pelvic tilting - Shoulder position and the thoracic spine - Head position |
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Deviation 1: Ankle pron/supi and effect on tibial and femoral rotation |
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Deviation 2: hip adduction |
Evident in individuals thatbhave limb-length discrepancy. |
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Deviation 3: pelvic tilting |
Anterior tilt: Tight hip flexors coupled with tight erector spinae. Common in individuals who spend countless hours seated Posterior tilt: tight rectus abdominis and hamstrings |
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Deviation 4: shoulder position and the thoracic spine |
Scapular movements |
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Deviation 5: Head position |
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Movement can essentially broken down and described bynthenfive primary movements. What are they? |
-Bending/raising and lifting/lowering -Single leg movements -Pushing movements -Pulling movements -Rotational movementz |
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Movement screens: when compensation occur during movement, it's commonly reffered to ____ |
Faulty neural control |
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Movement screen: bend and lift -what is the objective |
To examine symmetrical lower-extrimity mobility and stability, and upper-extrimity stability during a bend lift movement |
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Movement screen: step screen -what id the objective |
To examine simultaneous mobility of one limb and stability of the contralateral limb while mantaining both hip and torso stabilization during a balance challenge of standing on one leg |
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Movement screen: shoulder push - what is the objective |
To ecamine stabilization of the scapulothoracic joint and core controk during closed-kinetic chain pushing movements |
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Movement screen: thoracic spine mobility - what is the objective |
To examine bilateral mobility of the thoracic spine. Lumbar spine rotation is considered insignificant, as it only offers approx 15 degrees of rotation |
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Range of motion for healthy adults |
Study |
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Movement screen: thomas test for hip flexion/quad length -what is the objective |
To assess the length of the muscles involved in hip flexuon. This test can actually assess the length of the primary hip flexors |
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Movement screen: passive str8-leg raise (PSL) -what is the objective |
To asses the length of the hamstrings |
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Movement screen: shoulder mobility -what is the objective |
To assess the degree of shoulder flexion and extension. Test shoyld be performed in conjunction with apleys scratch test to determine if limitation occurs with shoulder flexion and extension |
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Movement screen: shoulder mobility *internal/external rotation of humerus*-what is the objective |
Yo asses internal(medial) and external(lateral) rotation of humerus at shoulder joint. Should be performed with apleys scratch test to determine if limitations occur |
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Movement screen: shoulder mobility *apleys scratch test*-what is the objective |
Yo assess simultaneous movments of the shoulder girdle( scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints) |
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Movement screen: sharpened romberg test-what is the objective |
To assess static balance by standing with a reduced base of support while removing visual sensory info |
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Movement screen: stork-stand balance test-what is the objective |
To assess static balance by standing on one foot in a modified stork-stand position |
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Movement screen: mcgrills torso muscular endurance test battery-what are the three |
-Trunk flexor endurance test -Trunk lateral endurance test -Trunk extension endurance test |
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Trunk flexor endurance test |
Assesses muscular endurance of the deep core muscles( transverse abs, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae) Contraindictions: this test may not be suitable for individuals who suffer from low-back pain, have had recent back surgery, and/or are in midst of an acute low-back flare-up
Goal: hold position for 60 degree position as long as posible |
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Trunk lateral endurance test |
Assesses muscular endurance of the lateral core muscles (same as trunk flexor test but obliques included) Contraindictions: not suitable for individuals with shoulder.pain or weakness and who suffer from who suffer from low-back pain, have had recent back surgery, and/or are in midst of an acute low-back flare-up
Goal: hold as long as possible. Terminate if fail |
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Trunk extensor endurance test |
Assesses muscular endruance of the torso extensor muscles (erector spinae, longissimus, iliocastalis, and multifidi) Contraindictions: not suitable for clients with major strength deficiencies. Client with high body mass. Those who suffer from low-back pain, have had recent back surgery, and/or are in midst of an acute low-back flare-up Goal: hold horizontal prone position for as long as possible |
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A protrusion of the inferior angle and vertebral(medial) border of the scapula is called what |
Winged scapula |
