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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is behavior |
A response to similus |
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What is behavioral ecology |
The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behaviour |
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What is ultimate cause |
Why a behaviour occurs |
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What is proximate cause |
How a behaviour occurs |
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Explain fixed action pattern |
- Pattern of an unlearned, innate behaviour - unchangeable - triggered by sign stimulus |
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explain migration |
- Regular long distance change in location - initiated by external cues - use sun, stars, magnetic field & circadian clock to orient themselves |
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Explain behavioural rhythms |
-Behaviour linked to circadian rhythm - ex: migration, reproduce at a certain time |
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Explain Signal |
Behaviour that causes change in another animals behaviour. |
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Explain communication |
Transmission and reception of signals - may involve visual, auditory, tactile or chemical signals |
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What do nocturnal animals depend on |
Auditory and olfactory (smell) |
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What do diurnal animals depend on |
Auditory and visual |
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What is an innate behaviour |
A developmentally fixed behaviour which does not change among individuals |
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What is learning |
Modification of behaviour based of specific experiences |
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What are the 6 different kinds of learning |
Imprinting, spatial learning, cognition, associative learning, problem solving and social learning. (Iscaps) |
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Imprinting |
- Includes learning and innate components - Generally irreversible - learn when very young ( ex: learning to fly) |
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Spatial learning |
Behaviour based on experience with the spatial structure of the environment (landmarks) ex: wasp nest! |
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Associative learning |
Animals associate one feature within their environment with another feature. |
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What are the 2 different kinds of associative learning |
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning |
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Classical conditioning |
An arbitrary (random) stimulus becomes associated with a particular reward or punishment Ex: Pavlov's dogs |
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Operant conditioning |
- Trial and error learning - Learns to associates a behaviour with a reward or punishment - in natural habitat |
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What is cognition |
- Process of knowing - involve awareness, reasoning, recollection and judgment |
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Problem solving |
The process of devising a strategy to overcome an obstacle. |
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Social learning |
- Learning through observation of others - forms basis of culture |
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Optimal foraging model |
Risk and reward of foraging - how much nutrition vs cost of obtaining the food |
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What is mating behaviour |
Seeking and attracting mates, choosing among potential mates, competing for mates and caring for offspring |
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What are the different types of mating relationships |
Promiscuous, monogamous, and polygamous |
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What are the 2 kinds of polygamy |
Polygyny and polyandry |
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promiscuous relationships |
- No strong bonds - relationships don't last long |
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Monogamous relationships |
- one male mates with one female - relationships last long time period - similar external morphologies (look the same) |
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Polygamous relationships |
- An individual of one sex mates with many of the other sex - sexually dimorphic (look different) |
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Polygynous relationships |
-One male, many females -Males fancier |
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Polyandrous |
- One female, many males - females fancier |
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What is Sexual selection based on |
- sexual dimorphism (how they look) - intersexual selection (characteristics of the other sex: courtship songs) - intrasexual selection ( competition for mates between members of the same sex) |
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What is intrasexual selection |
Choosing mates based on certain traits |
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Intersexual selection |
Competition for mates |
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Altruism |
Selflessness- when an individual decreases their own fitness for the overall fitness of others |
