Ch15

Front 1

Somatic nervous system

Back 1

processes that are perceived or controlled consciously

Front 2

somatic sensory

Back 2

detection of stimuli and transmission of nerve signals from special senses, skin, proprioceptors to the CNS

Front 3

special senses

Back 3

vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell and taste

Front 4

proprioceptors

Back 4

receptors in joints and muscles that detect body position

Front 5

somatic motor

Back 5

initation and transmission of nerve signals from the CNS to control skeletal muscles

Front 6

autonomic nervous system

Back 6

processes regulated below conscious level

Motor system only

maintain homeostatis by regulating heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, sweating an digestion

input from visceral sensory(visceral sensory NOT part of ANS)

Front 7

visceral sensory

Back 7

receptors that detect stimuli associated with blood vessels and internal organs

Front 8

Preganglionic neuron

Back 8

first of two ANS motor neurons

nerve signals always result in release of acetylcholine to excite the second neuron

Front 9

Preganglionic axon

Back 9

extends from this cell body and exits the CNS in either a cranial nerve or a spinal nerve

projects to autonomic ganglion in peripheral nervous system

myelinated axons small in diameter

Front 10

(post) ganglionic neuron

Back 10

second pathway, residing in the ganglion

releases ACh or NE

Front 11

post ganglionic axon

Back 11

extends from the cell body to an effector

unmyelinated axon smaller in diameter then preganglionic axon

slower propagation

Front 12

Neuronal Convergence

Back 12

Occurs because axons from numerous preganglionic neurons synapse with and influence a single ganglionic neuron

Front 13

Neuronal Divergence

Back 13

occurs because axons from one preganglionic cell synapse with influence numerous ganglionic neurons

Front 14

Somatic Nervous system sensory input

Back 14

special senses, skin, proprioceptors

Front 15

Somatic Nervous system effectors

Back 15

skeletal muscle fibers

Front 16

Somatic Nervous system CNS region of control

Back 16

Cerebrum, thalamus, cerebellum. brainstem, spinal cord

Front 17

Somatic Nervous system number of nuerons in pathway

Back 17

one neuron from CNS: axon extends from CNS to effector

Front 18

Somatic Nervous system axon properties

Back 18

myelinated and thick in diameter; fast nerve signal propagation

Front 19

Somatic Nervous system Neurotransmitter released

Back 19

Acetylcholine

Front 20

Somatic Nervous system effector response

Back 20

Excitation only

Front 21

ANS sensory input

Back 21

visceral senses(some somatic sense)

Front 22

ANS Effectors

Back 22

Cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, glands

Front 23

ANS- CNS regions of control

Back 23

hypothalamus, brainstem, spinal cord; regulate cerebrum, thalamus, limbic system

Front 24

ANS number of neuron pathways

Back 24

Two neurons from CNS

Front 25

ANS axon properties

Back 25

Preganglionic- myelinated

Postganglionic- unmylinated and slower propagation

Front 26

ANS neurotransmitter

Back 26

Preganglionic releases ACh

Postganglionic releases either ACh or NE

Front 27

ANS response of effector

Back 27

either excitation or inhibition

Front 28

Hypothalamus function

Back 28

intergration and command center for autonomic functions involved in emotions

Front 29

Brainstem function

Back 29

contains major ANS reflex centers

Front 30

Spinal cord functions

Back 30

Contains ANS reflex centers for defecation and urnination

Front 31

parasympathetic division

Back 31

function to maintain homeostasis/digest

conserving energy and replensihing nutrient stores

"rest & digest"

Front 32

sympathetic division

Back 32

maintain homeostasis during exercise or times of stress/emergency

releasing nutrient from stores

"fight or flight" "three E's: exercise, excitement or emergency"

Front 33

Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies location

Back 33

brainstem or lateral gray matter of S2-S4

"craniosacral division"

Front 34

sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell body

Back 34

lateral horns of T1-L2

"thoracolumbar division"

Front 35

Parasympathetic axon length

Back 35

Preganglionic axons are longer and postganglionic axons shorter

Front 36

sympathetic division

Back 36

preganglionic axon shorter postganglionic axon longer

Front 37

Parasympathetic preganglionic axon branches

Back 37

less than 4

Front 38

Sympathetic preganglionic axon branches

Back 38

more then 20

Front 39

parasympathetic autonomic ganglia location

Back 39

close to or within effector

Front 40

sympathetic autonomic ganglia location

Back 40

relatively close to spinal cord

Front 41

parasympathetic response

Back 41

local, few and "turn on/turn off"

Front 42

sympathetic response

Back 42

neuronal divergence facilitating the activation of many structures simulatneously; mass activation

Front 43

mass activation

Back 43

sympathetic division allows for significant neuronal divergence and facilitates activation of many structures simultaneously

facilitated when adrenal medulla is stimulated by sympathetic division releasing NE and E into blood