Ch. 28

Front 1

Potsdam Conference

Back 1

Marked the first time Pres. Truman met with Winston Churchill and Stalin since Roosevelt's death.

Front 2

Zaibatsu

Back 2

Huge corporations run by single families that had monopolized the Japanese economy.

Front 3

Nuremberg Trials

Back 3

German war crimes called so because they took place in Nuremberg, Germany, the former rallying place of the Nazis.

Front 4

Adolf Eichmann

Back 4

Architect of the Jewish extermination program who avoided immediate prosecution by hiding his identity and escaping to Latin America.

Front 5

Hideki Tojo

Back 5

Japan's premier during WWII who was sentenced to death.

Front 6

United Nations

Back 6

Postwar international organization.

Front 7

Trygve Lie

Back 7

Norwegian who served as the UN's first secretary-general.

Front 8

Eleanor Roosevelt

Back 8

Served as the United Nation's first US delegate.

Front 9

Zionism

Back 9

The movement seeking a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Front 10

David Ben-Gurion

Back 10

Zionist leader who supported the idea since the early 1900's.

Front 11

Ralph Bunche

Back 11

US diplomat who persuaded both sides to accept an armistice.

Front 12

Cold War

Back 12

The competition for global power and influence between these two superpowers: the US and the Soviet Union.

Front 13

Satellite nations

Back 13

Countries under the soviet control.

Front 14

George Kennan

Back 14

State Department official and Soviet expert, advised to control Soviet power.

Front 15

Containment

Back 15

Restricting the expansion of Soviet communism.

Front 16

Baruch Plan

Back 16

Proposal of the creation of a special international agency with the authority to inspect any country's atomic-energy plants.

Front 17

Atomic Energy Act

Back 17

Created the civilian-controlled Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime uses of atomic energy.

Front 18

Truman Doctrine

Back 18

Statement by Truman, "It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

Front 19

George C. Marshall

Back 19

Secretary of State who came up with the Marshall Plan.

Front 20

Marshall Plan

Back 20

Europe Recovery Plan.

Front 21

Berlin Airlift

Back 21

Became the city's lifeline to the rest of the world for food and supplies.

Front 22

NATO

Back 22

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, each member nation pledged to defend the others in the event of an outside attack.

Front 23

Warsaw Pact

Back 23

Alliance of the Soviet Union with other communist countries in Eastern Europe.

Front 24

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 24

Led the Nationalist party of China.

Front 25

Mao Zedong

Back 25

Communist party leader in China that made reforms to give land to peasants.

Front 26

Kim II Sung

Back 26

Led communist North Korea.

Front 27

Syngman Rhee

Back 27

Led the Republic of Korea in South Korea.

Front 28

Douglas MacArthur

Back 28

The US Army's Far East commander.

Front 29

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 29

Chosen as presidential candidate in the election of 1952.

Front 30

Brinkmanship

Back 30

The ability to get to the brink without getting into war.

Front 31

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Back 31

Used to gather strategic information and pursue Cold War goals.

Front 32

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 32

Soviet leader who stunned political observers by publicly accusing his predecessor, Stalin, of having committed many ruthless crimes.

Front 33

National Security Council

Back 33

Created by Congress to advise the president on strategic matters.

Front 34

House Un-American Activities Committee

Back 34

Originally established in 1938 to investigate fascist groups in the US.

Front 35

Hollywood Ten

Back 35

A group of of California film directors and writers who went to jail rather than answer the HUAC's questions.

Front 36

Alger Hiss

Back 36

Accused of being a Communist spy.

Front 37

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

Back 37

Two Americans who were convicted of providing the Soviet Union with atomic-energy secrets during WWII.

Front 38

Internal Security Act

Back 38

Required Communist Party members and organizations to register with the federal government.

Front 39

Joseph McCarthy

Back 39

US senator from Wisconsin who helped fuel suspicions of spies and Communist sympathizers.

Front 40

Margaret Chase Smith

Back 40

Republican senator from Maine who challenged McCarthy.

Front 41

Hydrogen bomb

Back 41

Claimed to be 1,000 times more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in WWII.

Front 42

Billy Graham

Back 42

Evangelist who attracted large audiences, warning of the danger of nuclear war and urged Americans to turn to God.

Front 43

Sputnik

Back 43

The first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union.

Front 44

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Back 44

Established to promote US space technology.

Front 45

National Defense Education Act

Back 45

Appropriated millions of dollars to improve education in science, math, and foreign languages.