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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acetal
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a derivative of an aldehyde or ketone having two alkoxy groups in place of the carbonyl group. the acetal of a ketone is sometiems called a ketal.
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carbinoalamine
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an intermediate in the formation of an imine, having an amine and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom.
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carbonyl group
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the C=O functional group.
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Clemmensen Reduction
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the deoxygenation of a ketone or aldehyde by treatment with Zinc amalgam and dilute HCl
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condensation
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a reaction in which 2 or more organic compounds are joined, with the elimination of a small molecule such as water.
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cyanohydrin
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a compound with a hydroxyl group and a cyano group on the same carbon atom. cyanohydrins are generally made by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with HCN.
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dithiane
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a thioacetal of formaldehyde that is sufficiently acidic to be deprotanted by exceptionally strong bases.
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enol
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a vinyl alcohol.
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hemiacetal
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a derivative of an aldehyde or ketone similar to an acetal, but with one alkoxy group and one hydroxyl group on the former carbonyl carbon atom.
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hydrate (of an aldehyde or ketone)
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the geminal diol formed by addition of water across the carbonyl double bond.
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imine
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a compound with a carbon-nitrogen double bond, formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with a primary amine. A substitued imine is often called a Schiff base.
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oxime
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a compound formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with hydroxylamine.
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protecting group
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a group used to prevent a senstive functional group from reacting while another part of the moleucle is being modified. the protecting group is the latter removed.
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tollens test
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a test for aldehydes: adding the tollens reagent gives a carboxylate salt and a silver mirror on the inisde of a glass container.
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Witting reaction
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reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a phosphorus ylide to form an alkene.
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ylide
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an uncharged molecule containing a carbon atom with a negative charge bonded to a heteroatom with a positive charge. a phosphorus ylide is the nucleophilic species in the wittig reaction.
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wolff-kishner reduction
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deoxygenation of a ketone or aldehdyde by conversion to the hydrazone, followed by treatment with a strong base.
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electrophile
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accepts a pair of electrons "electron loving"
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nucleophile
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donates electrons
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