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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe how theinformation in a gene is transcribed into RNA |
Transcriptionis the process by which genetic information (DNA) is copied into RNA |
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List three ways that RNA isdifferent from DNA: |
1. Single strand 2. Uracil instead of thymine 3. Ribose sugar instead of deocyribose |
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List the three major typesof RNA and their functions: |
1. Messenger RNA Function:carries code for protein synthesis from DNA to the ribsomes 2. Transfer RNA Function:carries amino acids to the ribosomes 3. Ribosomal RNA Function:proteins form ribosomes |
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List the three steps of transcriptionand briefly describe what happens for each. |
1. Initiation- when tRNA and mRNA bind to a ribosome 2. Elongation- amino acids are added one at a time to the growingprotein chain 3. Termination- when the ribosome reaches a stop codon in mRNAmolecule |
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the process by which thesequence of mRNA is used to make a protein |
translation |
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List the three steps of translationand briefly describe what happens for each |
1. Initation- Begins when tRNA and mRNA bind to a ribosome 2. Elongation- Amino acids are added one at a time to the growingprotein chain 3. Translation- Whenthe ribosome reaches a stop codon in the mRNA molecule |
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List the 5 types ofmutations and their effect on protein function. |
Deletion Insertion Inversion (DNA broken apart) Substitutions Translocations (DNA reattached) |
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Why isgene expression regulated? |
Sosome genes are expressed in cells. |
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List how gene expression and protein activity can be regulated |
1. Cells can control the frequency at which an individual geneis transcribed 2. The samegene may be used to produce different mRNAs and protein products 3. Proteins may require modification before they can carry outtheir functions 4. Cells can control the rate at which proteins are degraded |
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Describe how epigeneticscan regulate gene expression: |
It suppresses, enhances, and alters transcriptionin order to regulate functions without changing the base sequence of DNA. |
