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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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present tense subjunctive II: weak verbs (e.g. brauchen)
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for weak verbs present tense of subjunctive II is the same as the past tense of the indicative (e.g. brauchte, brauchtest, brauchte, brauchten, brauchtet, brauchten)
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to form the present tense subjunctive II for strong verbs follow three steps (e.g. esse)
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(i) take the *past tense* stem of the indicative; (ii) add an umlaut where possible (a, o, and u); (iii) add the following endings: -e, -est, -e; -en, -et, -en. (wa:re, wa:rest, wa:re; wa:ren, wa:ret, wa:ren)
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present tense subjunctive II exceptions: haben, werden, wissen, du:rfen, ko:nnen, mo:gen, mu:ssen
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ha:tte, wu:rde wu:sste;
du:rfte, ko:nnte, mo:chte, mu:sste (but sollte, wollte [Note 1: (although these are strong verbs) present tense subj II for these verbs is formed by adding an umlaut to the past tense indicative; Note 2: four of the modals but *not* sollen (sollte) nor wollen (wollte); Note 3: less common: bringen - bra:chte; denken - da:chte] |
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Antiquated subjective II exceptions: brennen, kennen, nennen, rennen, helfen, stehen, sterben, werfen
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brennte, kennte, nennte, rennte, hu:lfe, stu:nde, stu:rbe, wu:rfe
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subjunctive II usage: in wenn clauses, the one-word form is used with ...
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(i) sein, haben, and modals; (ii) WISSEN and WEAK VERBS; [BUT wu:rde + infinitive is used with all other verbs]
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trans: If he had the money, he would buy it.
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Wenn er das Geld ha:tte, wu:rde er es kaufen. [Note 1: whenever a conditional sentence begins with a wenn-clause, the dann-clause will begin with a conjugated verb; Note 2: "dann" is almost always omitted; Note 3: commas are used between wenn- and dann-clauses.
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The past tense of subjunctive II is made up of ...
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wa:re or ha:tte + past participle (they are thus similar to perfect forms of the indicative (e.g. Er war gekommen; Wenn er gekommen wa:re, ... )
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subjunctive II usage: in dann clauses, the one-word form is used with ...
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(i) sein, haben and modals; [wu:rde + infinitive is used with all other verbs including wissen, and weak verbs (and even sometimes haben) use wu:rde-construction in the dann clause).]
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trans: If I had had time, I would have gone to the movies.
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Wenn ich Zeit gehabt ha:tte, wa:re ich ins Kino gegangen.
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trans: I would come with, if I had the money.
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Ich wu:rde mitkommen, wenn ich das Geld ha:tte. [Note: A conditional sentence can begin with a dann-clause, in which case (a) the word "dann" is never used, (b) the dann-clause uses normal declarative word order (verb second).
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trans: If you had come earlier, we would have less to do now.
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Wenn du fru:her gekommen wa:rest, ha:tten wir jetzt weniger zu tun. [Note: When the situation requires it, German can mix tenses within a sentence.]
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trans: Had I known that, I would have stayed home.
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Ha:tte ich das gewusst, (dann) wa:re ich zu Hause geblieben. [Note: wenn-clauses can be introduced by a verb, in which case the word "wenn" disappears (and the word "dann" can be replaced by "so")
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trans: If you would come earlier, I could pick you up.
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Wenn du fru:her kommen wu:rdest, ko:nnte ich dich abholen. [Note the wu:rde construction is not used with modal auxiliaries, not even in the dann-clause.]
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trans: If you would have come earlier, I could have picked you up.
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Wenn du fru:her gekommen wa:rest, ha:tte ich dich abholen ko:nnen. [Note double infinitive in the dann-clause]
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trans: I would have asked him if I could have found him.
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Ich ha:tte ihn gefragt, wenn ich ihn ha:tte finden ko:nnen. [Note: double infinitive in the wenn-clause. Note also: as usual, the double infinitive has absolute claim on final position in a subordinate clause.]
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trans: I would have done it if I could have.
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Ich ha:tte es gemacht, wenn ich gekonnt ha:tte. [Note: past subjunctive II of modals without dependent infinitives - when there is no dependent infinitive in a modal expression, the normal past participle is used in forming the past tense of subj II.]
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trans: You really should go home. [use subj. II]
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Du solltest wirklich nach Hause gehen. [Note: Modal expressions in subjunctive II are also common in simple sentences.]
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trans: You really should have gone home.
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Du ha:ttest wirklich nach Hause gehen sollen. [Note: Modal expressions in subjunctive II are also common in simple sentences.]
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trans: If he were only here!
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Wenn er nur hier wa:re! [Note: subj II is used in expressing wishes - just add "nur" to a subj. II wenn-clause (like nicht and wohl, nur comes after objects but before adverbs)]
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trans: If he had only answered me!
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Wenn er mir nur geantwortet ha:tte! [Note: in expressing wishes, the wurde-construction is used with all verbs except haben, sein, wissen, and the modal auxiliaries (it is used with weak verbs).
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trans: Could I come along? (contrast *can* I come along?)
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Ko:nnte ich mitkommen? [German uses the present tense of the subj II as a polite form.]
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trans: As if I didn't know that!
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Als ob ich das nicht wu:sste! [als ob-constructions refer to contrary-to-fact situations and therefore require use of subj II.]
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