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31 Cards in this Set
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golgi apparatus
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transport vesicles bring products of ER to golgi body where products are modified & stored, then sent to other destinations. Structure is flattened membranous sacs (cisternae). cis face receives near ER. trans face ships and vesicles exit. golgi makes its own macromolecules and exit trans face to fuse with plasma membrane
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One of the components of the GERL complex.
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vesicle
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sacs of membrane that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell; an intracellular membranous sac that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer.
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synaptic vesicle, auditory vesicle
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microfilaments
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The smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments. They are composed chiefly of actin and/or myosin.
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make up actin and myosin in muscle cell
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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network of membranous tubes and sacs, that is studded with ribosomes on its surface giving it a rough appearance under the microscope (hence its name). secreted protein (from bounded ribosomes on ER) grow polypeptide chains (aka protein) and enters ER lumen. makes its own membranes
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rough er plays a transport role for proteins so you could call it the hall ways
smooth er makes lipids which are important for maintaining membranes so you could make the analagy for maintanence staff |
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mitochondria (mitochondrion)
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convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell. Located in the cytoplasm, they are the sites of cellular respiration which ultimately generates fuel for the cell's activities.
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Mitochondria are also involved in other cell processes such as cell division and growth, as well as cell death.
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chloroplast (in plants only)
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A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
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Found in plants, essential to survival
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microtubules
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prominant aspects of the skeleton of all eukaryotic cells
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mediate cell division
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cytoskeleton
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microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
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role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement.
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plasma membrane (cell membrane)
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membrane of lipids and proteins that enclose cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole. Organelles found inside membrane. Selective barrier that allows oxygen, nutrient, waste to pass through. Need big-big-surface-area : small-volume ratio to sufficiently let things pass through
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In animals the plasma membrane is the outermost covering of the cell whereas in plants, fungi
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central vacuole (in plants only)
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A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells
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Present in plant cells
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ribosomes (attached)
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attached to outside of ER/nuclear envelope. make protein destined for insertion into membranes/lysosomes or export from the cell
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(a process called translation)
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ribosomes (free)
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suspended in cytoplasm. proteins made on free ribosomes function inside cytoplasm.
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often referred to as the "central dogma," is that DNA is used to make RNA, which, in turn, is used to make protein
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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The network of Smooth ER allows increased surface area for the action or storage of key enzymes and the products of these enzymes. Lacks ribosomes. Functions: synthesize lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxify drugs/poison (by adding hydroxyl), stores calcium
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Has several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration, drug detoxification
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DNA/chromatin
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deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix. organized into units called chromosomes. each chromosome is made of chromatin (complex of protein & DNA)
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associated with the transmission of genetic information; "DNA is the king of molecules"
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nucleolus
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a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; contains ribosomal RNA (synthesized from DNA instructions) that synthesize protein which exits nucleus into cytoplasm
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are transcribed and assembled within the nucleolus
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nuclear envelope
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encloses nucleus. double membrane. each membrane has lipid bilayer (only in eukaryotic cells)
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also known as the perinuclear envelope, nuclear membrane, nucleolemma or karyotheca
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cell wall (plants only)
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A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria
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n the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose
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nucleus
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A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material
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part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
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lysosome (animals only)
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membrane sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules. very acidic. made by rough ER which is transported to golgi and then lysosomes exit trans face.
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cell organelle that serves as recycling and disposal center for the cell
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centrioles (always in pairs)
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A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division
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barrel-shaped cell structure found in most animal eukaryotic cells
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oligosaccharide group
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a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten[1]) of component sugars, also known as simple sugars (monosaccharides)
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commonly found on the plasma membrane of animal cells where they can play a role in cell–cell recognition
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glycoprotein
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secretory protein from bound ribosomes. Proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them. secreted protein (from bounded ribosomes on ER) grow polypeptide chains (aka protein) and enters ER lumen. composed of carbohydrates and polypeptide side chains
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Glycoproteins are often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell–cell interactions
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phospholipid
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a class of lipids and are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers
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Most phospholipids contain a diglyceride, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline
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nuclear pore
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large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus. nuclear side of pores is called nuclear lamina (protein filaments that maintains shape of nucleus)
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Nuclear pore complexes allow the transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope
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peroxisome
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organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells
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involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens
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nucleoid
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region where DNA resides. Nucleoids are only found in prokaryotic cells. no membrane separate it from rest of the cell
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cytoplasm
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region between nucleus and plasma membrane
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Prokaryotic cell
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- bacteria & archaea domains
- nucleoid - no internal membranes - cell wall |
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eukaryotic cell
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- protist, fungi, animal, plants
- nucleus internal membranes - no cell wall |
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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Located outside nuclear envelope. ER membrane separated ER from cytosol.
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transport vesicle
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membrane bubbles that transport secretory proteins/glycoproteins out of ER
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