Cell Theory, Structures, And Functions

Front 1

What is cell theory?

Back 1

All living things are composed of cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cels come from other cells.

Front 2

Who first used the term "cell"? Describe the situation.

Back 2

Robert Hooke was looking at a sliver of cork through a microscope and saw divisions he thought looked like prison cells.

Front 3

Who was the father of microscope?

Back 3

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 4

What did Van Leeuwenhoek see with his microscope?

Back 4

Bacteria, yeast plants, life teeming inside a droplet of pond water. "Animalcules"

Front 5

Why did Matthias Schleiden do?

Back 5

One of the founders of the cell theory. He studied plant cells underneath a microscope, and found that a whole plant arises from one cell.

Front 6

What did Theodor Schwann do?

Back 6

contributions to biology include the development of cell theory, the discovery and study of pepsin, the discovery of the organic nature of yeast, and the invention of the term metabolism.

Front 7

What did Theodor Schwann do?

Back 7

contributions to biology include the development of cell theory, the discovery and study of pepsin, the discovery of the organic nature of yeast, and the invention of the term metabolism.

Front 8

What did Rudolf Virchow do?

Back 8

Disease originated in cells; every cell originates from another cell

Front 9

What is cell theory?

Back 9

•All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
•The cell is the basic unit of life.
•Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Front 10

What does a compound microscope do?

Back 10

Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional. This microscope is the most commonly used. You can view individual cells, even living ones. It has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution.

Front 11

What does a transmission electron micrscope do?

Back 11

TEM is electron illuminated. This gives a 2-D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high resolution.

Front 12

What does a scanning electron micrscope do?

Back 12

SEM use electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen. The pictures are in black and white.

Front 13

What does a scanning probe microscope do?

Back 13

allow scientists to image, characterize and even manipulate material structures at exceedingly small scales including features of atomic proportions. The family of scanning probe microscopes uses no lenses, but rather a probe that interacts with the sample surface.

Front 14

What is a prokaryote cell?

Back 14

A cell that has no nucleus

Front 15

What is a eukaryote cell?

Back 15

an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes; All species of large complex organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi

Front 16

What are organelles?

Back 16

"little organs". Basically this means that organelles have specific roles to play in how cells work just like organs help the body to function properly as a whole.

Front 17

What is cytoplasm?

Back 17

salt water with additional nutrients, salts (ions), and waste products. Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm and the cell membrane separates the cytoplasm from the outside of the cell. The cytoplasm is gel-like (like Jello.)

Front 18

What is a nucleus?

Back 18

acts as the control center for the cell. It contains DNA that directs all functions of the cell.

Front 19

What are ribosomes?

Back 19

Their job is to assemble amino acids into proteins under the direction of the cell's DNA.

Front 20

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 20

It is where certain molecules are synthesized, stored, and transported. Some endoplasmic reticulum (called smooth, no ribosomes) is where fatty acids, steroids, and lipids are made. Some E.R., called rough (with ribosomes), is where proteins are made.

Front 21

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Back 21

Protein arrives at the Golgi in transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and leaves the Golgi packaged in membrane-bound vesicles to go to other organelles or to the outside of the cell.

Front 22

What are lysosomes?

Back 22

hold chemicals that break down food molecules, old cell parts, and harmful bacteria. They are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane that keeps their strong digestive chemicals contained inside. Thus, the lysosomes have similar functions to the digestive system of the body.

Front 23

What are vacuoles?

Back 23

organelles with lipid bilayer membranes inside plant cells. They store salts, sugars, a few proteins, and sometimes plant colors. They act as storage bags for the cell.

Front 24

What are mitochondria?

Back 24

Mitochondria are where the cell's energy (ATP) is made. Thus mitochondria are sometimes called the cell's powerhouse.

Front 25

What are chloroplasts?

Back 25

Plant cells only; organelles in plants similar to mitochondria. They are the organelles that can carry out photosynthesis.

Front 26

What is a cytoskeleton?

Back 26

cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells

Front 27

What is the nucleolus?

Back 27

The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes.

Front 28

What is cytosol?

Back 28

The cytosol is the "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs. Though mostly water, the cytosol is full of proteins that control cell metabolism

Front 29

What is a centrisome?

Back 29

The centrosome, or MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC), is an area in the cell where microtubules are produced.

Front 30

What is a peroxisome?

Back 30

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes. In plant cells, peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration. In animal cells, peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide

Front 31

What is a centriole?

Back 31

Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. Microtubules (and centrioles) are part of the cytoskeleton.

Front 32

What is the secretory vesicle?

Back 32

Cell secretions - e.g. hormones, neurotransmitters - are packaged in secretory vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. The secretory vesicles are then transported to the cell surface for release.