Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What percentage of US gets cancer?
|
25%
|
|
What percentage of US gets cancer?
|
25%
|
|
How many new cases of cancer/year?
|
1.3 mill
|
|
How many new cases of cancer/year?
|
1.3 mill
|
|
What % of cancer patients need Chemo? How effective is it?
|
75% need, 10% effective
|
|
What % of cancer patients need Chemo? How effective is it?
|
75% need, 10% effective
|
|
How do cancer and normal cells differ? 2 ways to tell in culture
|
1 - cancer requires 10% of serum normal cells do
2 - cancer cells do not require anchorage to grow |
|
How do cancer and normal cells differ? 2 ways to tell in culture
|
1 - cancer requires 10% of serum normal cells do
2 - cancer cells do not require anchorage to grow |
|
What is an AMES assay used for? What is it based on?
|
screen a chemical for carcinogenicity - tests if a chemical mutates a His- cell to His +
|
|
What is an AMES assay used for? What is it based on?
|
screen a chemical for carcinogenicity - tests if a chemical mutates a His- cell to His +
|
|
Why is an ames assay difficult in humans? how is it corrected?
|
Mammals lack Monooxygenases, so incubate the cell w/ postmitochondrial rat liver that has enzymes for the mutagen
|
|
Why is an ames assay difficult in humans? how is it corrected?
|
Mammals lack Monooxygenases, so incubate the cell w/ postmitochondrial rat liver that has enzymes for the mutagen
|
|
What percentage of US gets cancer?
|
25%
|
|
What is the diference in the skin cells of Moles?
|
They are oval, and they aggregate
|
|
What is the diference in the skin cells of Moles?
|
They are oval, and they aggregate
|
|
How many new cases of cancer/year?
|
1.3 mill
|
|
What are the 2 genes involved in cancer? what TYPE of mutation occurs in each to give rise to cancer?
|
Oncogenes - a GAIN OF FUNCTION and Tumor Supresosr Genes - a LOSS OF FUNCTION
|
|
What % of cancer patients need Chemo? How effective is it?
|
75% need, 10% effective
|
|
What are the 2 genes involved in cancer? what TYPE of mutation occurs in each to give rise to cancer?
|
Oncogenes - a GAIN OF FUNCTION and Tumor Supresosr Genes - a LOSS OF FUNCTION
|
|
How do cancer and normal cells differ? 2 ways to tell in culture
|
1 - cancer requires 10% of serum normal cells do
2 - cancer cells do not require anchorage to grow |
|
What are "cell guardians?"
|
Tumor supressor genes
|
|
What are "cell guardians?"
|
Tumor supressor genes
|
|
True or False: If one of the 2 alleles of a tumor supressor gene is inactivated, the other one gets inactivated also
|
FALSE- both must be inactivated to have loss of function
|
|
What is an AMES assay used for? What is it based on?
|
screen a chemical for carcinogenicity - tests if a chemical mutates a His- cell to His +
|
|
True or False: If one of the 2 alleles of a tumor supressor gene is inactivated, the other one gets inactivated also
|
FALSE- both must be inactivated to have loss of function
|
|
Why is an ames assay difficult in humans? how is it corrected?
|
Mammals lack Monooxygenases, so incubate the cell w/ postmitochondrial rat liver that has enzymes for the mutagen
|
|
What is the diference in the skin cells of Moles?
|
They are oval, and they aggregate
|
|
What are the 2 genes involved in cancer? what TYPE of mutation occurs in each to give rise to cancer?
|
Oncogenes - a GAIN OF FUNCTION and Tumor Supresosr Genes - a LOSS OF FUNCTION
|
|
What are "cell guardians?"
|
Tumor supressor genes
|
|
True or False: If one of the 2 alleles of a tumor supressor gene is inactivated, the other one gets inactivated also
|
FALSE- both must be inactivated to have loss of function
|
|
In what protein does the most common error leading to cancer occur? Where is it's gene located?
|
in p53, located on SMALL ARM of chr 17
|
|
True or False: a mutation in 1 of the 2 alleles for p53 results in inactivation of the other inactivating the gene.
|
TRUE
|
|
What are the 3 regulatory functions of p53? When does this occur?
|
in G1, prevents division of cell, induces apoptosis, or produce reulator molecules to control protein production
|
|
Where is the location (in what domain) of most mutations of p53?
|
the DNA binding domain
|
|
What 2 proteins interact w/ p53? How do the 3 interact?
|
DROSHA and p68. P53 brings drosh and p68 together
|
|
What is the function of DROSHA/p68? What happens next?
|
they Snip the primary LONG rna transcript into hairpins, DICERS chop into micro RNAs/
|
|
What enzymes are controlled by oncos/supressors?
|
Protein Kinases and Cyclin-dependent kinases
|
|
How is apoptosis initatied? by what?
|
a death receptor or intracell signals from Mit protein CYTOcrhome C
|
|
4 causes of cancer
|
Chemical, radiation, virus, replication error
|
|
Cancer is responsible for what % of US deaths? what are the 3 most common?
|
20%, breast, Lung, Large intestine
|
|
What is Sonic Hedgehog?
|
a signaling peptide
|
|
What are sonic hedgehog's receptor/co-receptor? what type of mutation is each susceptible to?
|
Receptor: Patched, subject to inactivation. Co-recptor - smoothened, subject to mutation
|
|
If Sonic Hedgehog is mutated, what results? where is the result seen?
|
basal cell carcinoma in GROWTH FACTOR BETA
|
|
How are Tumor cells like Stem cells?
|
some have unlimited life span, ability to proliferate into a whole tumor (like a stem cell)
|