Cell Biology-Mcat

Front 1

Cetrifugation

Back 1

Centrifugation can be used to separate cells or mixtures of cells without destroying them in the process.

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Prokaryotes

Back 2

Prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria and bacteria, have an outer cell membrane but do contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus, instead DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid area. Also, plasmids (rings consisting of a few genes) can replicate independently and can allow the cell to survive harsh conditions.

Front 3

Bacteria

Back 3

Bacteria have a cell wall, a cell membrane and cytoplasm, ribosomes and flagella. Respiration occurs at cell membrane.

Front 4

Eukaryotes

Back 4

All multicellular organisms and non-bacteria unicellular organisms. Bound by a cell membrane and contain cytoplasm, the cytoplasm contains organelles. Organelles are suspended in a semi-fluid medium called cytosol. Genetic material consists of DNA organized into chromosomes, and located in the nucleus.

Front 5

Cytosol

Back 5

Cytosola is fluid component of cytoplasm, which is free of proteins, nutrients, and other solutes.

Front 6

Cytoskeleton

Back 6

The cytoskeleteton is composed of mictrotubules, microfilaments, intermediate fiber, and other proteins, is in the cytosol. These fibers serve to give the cell shape, anchor the organelles, help with cell maintainance, and intracellular transport.

Front 7

Fluid Mosaic Model

Back 7

The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the cell membrane in the following way.
The cell membrane consists of a phospholid bilayer, with proteins embedded throughout.

Front 8

Transfer Proteins

Back 8

Transfer Proteins allow certain molecules to pass through the lipid bilayer, and span the lipid bilayer.

Front 9

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Back 9

Cell Adhesion Molecules contribute to cell recognition and adhesion and are very important in development.

Front 10

Receptors

Back 10

Receptors are complex proteins embedded in membrane and have sites that bond with specific molecules in the cells external environment. The receptor may take the molecule into the cell via pinocytosis or it may signal across the membrane via a second messenger.

Front 11

Carrier Proteins

Back 11

Carrier Proteins help large charged molecules pass through the cell membrane.

Front 12

Nuclear Membrane

Back 12

The nuclear membrane is a double membrane that maintains a nuclear environment distinct from that of the cytoplasm.

Front 13

Nuclear Pores

Back 13

Nuclear Pores are interspersed through the nuclear membrane. Allow exchange of selected materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Front 14

Nucleolus

Back 14

The nucleolus is dense structure in nucleus where synthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs.

Front 15

Rough ER

Back 15

ER with ribosomes lining its outer surface

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Smooth ER

Back 16

ER without ribosomes lining its outer surface

Front 17

Secretory Vesicles

Back 17

Secretory Vesicles are produced by the Golgi apparatus and release their contents to the cells exterior through a process of exocytosis.