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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of ECM?
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1. Bone
2. Cartilage 3. Connective tissue |
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Define Bone.
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ECM consisting mainly of rigid matrix that contains a small number of interspersed cells.
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Define Cartilage.
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Tissue constructed mostly of matrix materials that are more flexible than bones.
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Define Connective Tissue.
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Tissue surrounding glands and blood vessels that is relatively gelatinous and contains interspersed fibroblast cells.
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What produces much of the ECM of animal bodies?
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Fibroblast cells
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What are the functions of the extracellular matrix of animal cells?
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1. Tensile Strength - Collagen
2. Resisting compression GAG's 3. Pathways for cell migration 4. Influence over cell differentiation 5. Filtration 6. Bone 7. Cornea of eye |
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How many genes do humans have coding for collagen?
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42
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What are elastins?
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Proteins that form fibers that impart elasticity to the ECM.
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What does fribronectrin do?
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It serves to help anchor cells to the ECM.
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Describe Glycosaminoglycans.
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1. Hydrophilic
2. Resist compression 3. Found in Cartilage 3. Polysaccharides composed of disaccharide subunits 4. Most are linked to proteins (proteoglycans) |
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Where is collagen synthesized?
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The Pro-a chains are synthesized In the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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How many Pro-a chains form a single collagen molecule.
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3
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Where can elastin be found?
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1. Lungs
2. Diaphragm 3. Skin 4. Arteries |
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Marfan's Syndrome results from a defect in what ECM component?
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Fibrillin
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What vitamin is required for collagen synthesis?
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Vitamin C
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Proteoglycans are mostly what?
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GAG's, 95% by weight
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Where are proteoglycans made?
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Proteoglycans are assembled in the golgi apparatus.
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What are the uses of proteoglycans?
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1. ECM
2. Some remain anchored on plasma membrane 3. Major component of mucus |
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What is the basal lamina?
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The anchorage for the epithelium composed primarily of laminin. It also surrounds individual muscle cells and a form of it serves as a filter in the kidneys.
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How is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy related to the ECM?
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A mutation in a protein called dystrophin inhibits a cell's ability to bind to the ECM.
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What are some ways cells bind to other cells?
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1. Desmosomes
2. Adherens Junctions |
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What are some ways cells bind to the ECM?
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1. Focal Adhesion
2. Hemidesmosome |
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How do cells bind to one another to form a seal?
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Through tight junctions.
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How do cells connect to one another for communication?
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Through gap junctions.
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Where are desmosomes found?
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Mainly in the epithelium.
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What are cadherins?
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Integral proteins which link adjacent cells.
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What are the cytoskeletal components of a desmosome?
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Intermediate filaments
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What are the cytoskeletal components of a adherens junction?
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Micro-filaments
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What protein is used in a tight junction?
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claudin
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Where are gap junctions found?
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Electrical synapses used in heard contractions and peristaltic contractions of the digestive tract
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What are the layers found in a plant cell wall?
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1. Primary cell wall
2. Secondary wall 3. Middle Lamella |
