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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process of testing a hypothesis includes: |
-Asking a question -Forming a hypothesis -Setting up a controlled environment -Recording and analyzing results -Drawing a conclusion |
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What is Spontaneous Generation? |
The idea that life could come from non-living matter |
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What scientist was responsible for disproving spontaneous generation? |
Louis Pasteur |
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What two situations exist when controlled experiments can't be performed as usual? |
Field study and ethical concerns |
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Who discovered the first cells? |
Robert Hooke |
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How did he come about using the term "cells" to describe what he saw under the microscope? |
Because they looked like tiny prison cells to him |
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What are the 3 parts of cell theory? |
1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells |
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What are the 9 parts of scientific inquiry? |
-Observe -Define the problem -Form a study question -State the expectations (hypothesis) -Research the problem -Experiment and gather data -Analyze the results -Reflect on findings -Communicate with the wider community |
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What are the parts of the microscope? |
Ocular lens Arm Coarse focus knob Fine focus knob Switch Base Projection lens Diaphragm Stage Stage clip L.p. Objective lens Body tube H.p. objective lens M.p. objective lens Revolving nosepiece |
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Electron microscope |
-Can make specimens 1000x smaller than light microscopes -Can only be used to observe nonliving cells and tissues |
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Scanning probe microscope |
-3d images -Specimens don't need to be thin |
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Confocal light microscope |
-uses a laser beam -3d images are possible |
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Transmission electron microscope |
-can see cell structures and large protein molecules -specimens must be ultra-thin |
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Scanning electron microscope |
-can see single atoms -traces surfaces with probe -can operate in ordinary air or in solution |
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What is a prokaryotic cell? |
A unicellular structure that doesn't contain a true nucleus and has a limited amount of functions |
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What is an eukaryotic cell? |
A multicellular structure that contains a true nucleus and can perform multiple functions |
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Regardless of their type, all cells possess these two main characteristics |
Composed of DNA and surrounded by a cell membrane |
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Nucleus - control centre of the cell Nucleolus - assembly of ribosomes begin here Nuclear envelope - surrounds the nucleus Nuclear pores (dots on envelope) |
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Rough ER - where protein synthesis takes place Ribosomes - builders of protein (the site of protein synthesis) |
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Smooth ER - makes lipids and helps in the detoxification of drugs |
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Golgi apparatus - where protein is stored |
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Lysosomes - aid in digestion |
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Vacuole - stores starch + water, and gives support to the cell |
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Mitochondria - the "powerhouse" of the cell |
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Chloroplast - performs photosynthesis (captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy) |
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Cytoskeleton - provides shape and internal organization, and plays an important role in movement |
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Microfilaments - made up of Actin, and supports and helps some cells move |
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Microtubules - maintain cell shape, are important in cell division and build projections from the cell surface |
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Centrioles - help with cell division in animal cells |
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What are the other 3 organelles? |
-Cytoplasm - gives a cell it's shape and holds all the organelles in place -Cell membrane - protects the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell -Cell wall - gives a plant cell support and structure, and filters the molecules that pass in and out of the cell |
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How you convert mm and cm into micrometers? |
1 mm = 1000 micrometers 1 cm = 10 000 micrometers |
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How do you get FOVd? |
FOVd = (FOVa)(MAGa) ÷ MAGd |
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How do you get dFOV#2? |
dFOV#2 = (dFOV#1)(MAG#1) ÷ MAG#2 |
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How do you get actual cell size? |
Actual cell size = dFOV ÷ width |
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How do you get DrawMAG? |
DrawMAG = draw length (cm to micrometers) ÷ actual cell size |
