Cee 390

Front 1

Water treatment steps

Back 1

1)Intake structure

2) rapid mixing coagulation

3)slow mixing flocculation

4) Sedimentation

5) Filtration

6) Disinfection

7) water Stabilization

8) Finished water pumping system

9) Water distribution and finished water storage

Front 2

3 categories of polutants

Back 2

1) physical

2) chemical

3) Biological

Front 3

5 toxic VOCs

Back 3

1) vinyl chloride

2) tetrachloroethylene

3) trichloethylene

4) dichlorethane

5) carbon tetra chloride

Front 4

What does BOD5 stand for?

Back 4

5 day biochemical oxygen demand

Front 5

What are 2 regulated microorganisms (protozoa)?

Back 5

1) Giardia Lamblia

2) Cryptosporidium

Front 6

What does NDEP stand for?

Back 6

Nevada Division of Environmental Protection

Front 7

What does NDEP do?

Back 7

Issues operating permits, enforces regulations and issue fines if permits are violated

Front 8

Lead and copper( LCR)

Back 8

Requires corrosion control practices within water distribution system. It requires removal of lead pipes

Front 9

What does the 1998 Disinfectantion Byproduct Rule regulate?

Back 9

Regulates

1) Trihalomethanes (THMs)

2) Haloacetic Acids (HAAs)

Front 10

3 Common coagulants

Back 10

1) Aluminum Sulfate (Alum)

2) Polyaluminum Chloride (PaCl)

3) Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)

Front 11

Horizontal Flow velocity goes in what direction?

Back 11

Is in the direction of flow

Front 12

2 main mechanisms of coagulation

Back 12

1) Sweep Coagulation

2) Charge neutralization

Front 13

2 main mechanisms of coagulation

Back 13

1) Sweep Coagulation

2) Charge neutralization

Front 14

Sweep Coagulation

Back 14

Supersaturated water with coagulant forms very large floc which settles very well-“sweep” the colloidal particles out

Front 15

Charge neutralization

Back 15

Smaller coagulant dose. Forms smaller floc particles and requires more intense mixing.

Front 16

2 common types of mixing devices

Back 16

1) Back Mix Reactor ( common for sweep coagulation)

2) Inline Blender (common for charge neutralization)

Front 17

What is the purpose of baffle walls?

Back 17

Helps to minimize short circuiting of flow and provides a more uniform horizontal flow velociity

Front 18

Reynolds number

Back 18

Is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces

Front 19

Reynolds number

Back 19

Is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces

Front 20

Froude number

Back 20

Is a ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces

Front 21

Disinfectant byproducts

Back 21

1) Trihalomethanes (THMS)

2) Haloacetic Acids (HAAS)

Front 22

Commonly used disinfectants

Back 22

1) Sodium hypochlorite

2) chloramines ->where byproducts are

3) Chlorine Dioxide

4) Ozone

5)Ultraviolet light

Front 23

Why doesn’t Ultraviolet light meet U.S. regulations?

Back 23

U.S. requires a detectable Cl2 concentration and UV light doesn’t meet this as it does not leave a residual.

Front 24

What are the 2 most common disinfectants in drinking water?

Back 24

1) Hypochlorous

2) Sodium Hypochlorite

Front 25

Is Filtration Required for surface waters?

Back 25

Yea! Filtration is a required process for all surface waters.

Front 26

Is Disinfection required for drinking water?

Back 26

Yes! The USEPA requires disinfection for all drinking water.

Front 27

Coagulation and Rapid Mixing

Back 27

Coagulation is a chemical process

Rapid mixing is a physical process

Together they are called physiochemical a process

Front 28

Flocculation

Back 28

Slow mixing whose objective is to cause collisions among particles to build “flocs” aggregates of small particles