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83 Cards in this Set
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CD1
Molecular composition and cellular location?
3 dzs that affect regulation and how? |
Family (types a-e) of MHC-I molecules on surface of APCs (assoc c beta-2 microglobulin) that present to T-cells - thus stains membranous
- TB, Leishmania donovani, and malignant melanoma may escape immunodetection by downregulating CD1 |
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CD1a
4 normal cells stained (and how to further differentiate between 2 of them using a CD marker)? |
CD1a is most commonly used by patologists -stains cortical thymocytes, immature dendritic cells (CD86-), and Langerhans cells (CD86+) |
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CD1a
6 tumors that stain (+) and 2 (-) ? |
(+) - Langerhans cell histiocytosis (c anti-S-100; pretty specific), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, Papillary thyroid carcinoma, T-ALL, thymoma (+TdT/CD99)
(-) B-cells, follicular dendritic lymphomas |
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CD2
3 cells that stain (+), 1 that aberrantly is (+)?
Function?
Viz? |
One of the earliest T-cell restricted markers, 95% of thymocytes, and NK-cells, but not on B-cells (rarely is aberrantly expressed)
Binds CD58 on APCs, inducing co-stimulatory signals that promote homing and epithelial adhesion
-stains membranous |
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CD2
2 general kinds of cancers stained?
Another condition where it's useful? |
Good for T-cell and NK-cell involved cancers - also a marker for systemic mastocytosis |
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CD3
Specific? For what cells?
Viz?
1 clinical use? |
Most specific T-cell marker - IHC stains cytoplasmic and membranous; cytplasmic marker used by FC only
Anti-CD3 ab's used to tx graft rejection |
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CD3
How generally used for detecting cancers?
3 cancers where it can be aberrantly lost? |
Used to detect T-cells in benign and malignant conditions - expression is aberrantly lost in ALCL, some mycosis fungoides, and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma |
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CD4
5 cells that stain positive and 1 clinical use (measured in what dz)? |
Marker for T-helper cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, Langerhans cells, and is a receptor for HIV (serum levels used to monitor HIV progression) |
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CD4
What is normal CD4:8 ratio?
Viz?
4 general neoplasms stained? |
Normal CD4:8 ratio is 2-6:1
stains membranous
Used to stain T-cell and monocytic/dendritic/histiocytic neoplasms |
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CD5
What cell normally (+) and what cell if (+) suggests ca?
What H&N endocrine cancer can it help differentiate? Viz? |
Found in normal and cancerous T-cells, expression in B-cells suggests cancer - is (+) in thymic carcinoma (in epithelial cells), but not thymoma (vs CD1a)
stains membranous |
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CD5
(+) in which rheumatic dz? With what other 2 CDs?
Co-expression in B-cells seen in what 2 ca's?
Aberrant loss in which ca? |
CD19/20/5 (+) B-cells common in RA
Co-expression in B-cells seen in CLL/SLL and MCL - aberrant CD5 loss seen in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) |
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CD7
On what cell and when appears (and another cell...) ?
What to think if aberrantly lost? (generally) |
First CD marker to appear in T-cells (even before CD2), also seen in NK cells - plays role in T-cell development
- think cancer if lost on T-cells (aberrantly lost); will remain positive in reactive conditions |
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CD7
Viz?
1 ca c strong stainng? 1 condition in which aberrantly expressed (and assoc px)? |
Stains membranous
(+) T-ALL (strong); aberrant expression in cases of AML (assoc c poor px; can be used to follow dz/tx) |
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CD8
2 normal and 1 ca cell expressed?
Normal function? |
Cytotoxic and suppressor T-cells, and cancerous NK cells - is a transmembrane receptor protein that acts as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR), helping with antigen recognition and strengthening the TCR-antigen interaction by MHC-I molecules |
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CD8
Co-expression c what other CD means ca?
2 vascular conditions it can help diff? |
Circulating CD4+/8+ cells most likely cancerous
May help differentiate splenic hamartoma (CD8+) vs hemangioma or littoral cell angioma (CD8-) |
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CD10
Nickname
6 cells normally expressed |
aka Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)
B cells in germinal center, precursor B/T cells, granulocytes, liver/bile canaliculi, ME cells of breast, endometrial stroma |
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CD10
3 heme ca's commonly expressed
What 2 classes of ca's helps to diff? |
(+) in Burkitt, follicular lymphoma, and B/T cell lymphoblastic lymphomas - good for childhood and B-cell lymphoma characterization |
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CD10
2 liver cancers it can help diff?
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Can differentiate HCC (+ canalicular pattern) from cholangiocarcinoma (-) |
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CD10
2 renal cells expressed in normally (+1 ca)?
1 GI ca and 2 reproductive ca's expressed in? |
(+) in glomerular epithelial cells and brush border of proximal tubules (and thus in RCC); pancreatic solid-pseudopapllary neoplasm, sex cord-stromal tumors, endometrial stromal sarcoma |
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CD10
4 cutaneous malignancies it can help to diff? |
atypical fibroxanthoma (+) vs melanoma, sarcoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma of skin (all [-]) |
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CD11a
Normal function?
What 2 ca's it can detect on FC? |
alpha-integrin that binds CD18 and regulates cellular adhesion - deficiency may be used in FC as a marker of APL (although tx induces CD11a expression) or AML |
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CD11b
Nickname?
2 cells normally stained?
2 ca's it can help diff (and another CD used in differentiating)? +1 more? |
(aka MAC-1) a marker of T-cell activation and of NK-cells -differentiates recovery from acute agranulocytosis (CD11b+, CD117-) from APL (CD11b-, CD117+) - (+) in HCL |
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CD11c
Function?
3 cells normally stained?
+ in what heme ca? (-) in 2 others? |
Important in monocyte adhesion
Stains histiocytes and NK-cells, 50% B/T cells
Marker for HCL; but (-) in MCL and MZL |
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CD13
Marker for what lineage (what is more specific)?
Receptor for what 2 viruses?
2 heme ca's it can help to diff? |
Myeloid marker (though CD33 more specific) - receptor for coronavirus and mediates CMV infx
Differentiates myeloid leukemias (+ in AML) from ALL or transient myeloprolif disorder |
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CD14
(+) in what 4 cells normally?
(+) in what 3 heme ca's? (-) in which general heme ca's? |
Stains mature monocytes and macrophages - may also be (+) in Langerhans/dendritic cells and B cells
(+) in AML M4/5, CMML, and histiocytic sarcoma; but is (-) in myeloid precursor lesions (AML 0-3,6/7) |
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CD15 Nickname? Molecular composition? Stains what organelle? In which classic cells (+)? What heme ca can it help diff? a caveat: what viral infx can have similar (+) cells? What normal cells stain (+)? How it can help diff 2 lung malignancies?
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aka LeuM1 Carbohydrate (not protein) used to stain Golgi of RS cells in Hodgkins lymphoma (+; vs ALCL [-]) - caveat: EBV infx can have CD15 (+) RS-like cells
Stains granulocytes; and majority of carcinomas (ie adenoca [+] vs mesothelioma [-]) |
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CD16
3 cells generally stained?
What it is used for by patos? |
Stains normal and neoplastic NK cells, lymphocytes, and granulocytes
Used as preincubation c CD32 sometimes to prevent nonspecific binding - may help to sub-classify lymphomas |
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CD18
When it may be used? |
May be deficient in LAD type 1, but is generally not used by patologists |
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CD19
What normal cells (and when in differentiation) stained (+)? In the BM?
More sensitive than CD20 in B-cell disorders? |
B-cell marker, from pre-B cell stage onward - (+) in hematogones of BM
May be more sensitive than CD20 in detecting B-cell disorders - (-) in plasma cells (and myelomas), mast cells |
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CD19
How changes after Rituximab tx, and in what dz?
- what other CD marker has similar effects from rituximab? |
Remains (+) in DLBCL after Rituximab tx (vs CD20) - CD79 will also remain (+) after tx |
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CD20
When appears in what cell's differentiation (before what but after what 4 CD markers)?
Related to which other IHC marker, and how it is related? |
Expressed after CD19/10 but before CD21/22 and stays on B-cells until they develop into plasma cells
- closely related to FMC-7, which recognizes a special CD20 arrangement; tends to stain the same as CD20 |
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CD20
How changes after Rituximab tx?
Utility in BM detection of DLBCL?
2 ca's stained (+), and assoc px of 1 one of them? |
Expression lost after Rituximab tx (vs CD19)
Not useful to for BM involvement of DLBCL
(+) in 80% of NLPHL and 20% CHL (poor px) |
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CD21
Used as a receptor for what 2 viruses? Which cell stains (+) and its location in a LN?
Another normal cell (+), and 2 other CDs that stain this cell? |
Receptor for EBV and HHV8, and (+) in B-cells (particularly marginal and mantle cells)
(+) in dendritic cells (along c CD23/35) |
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CD22
When and in what cell normally (+)? What CD does it bind to?
What 2 heme ca's stained (+) [in 1 ca is aberrantly expressed...]? |
Last antigen acquired in B cell maturation - binds to CD75
(+) in HCL; and aberrant expression is useful to detect monoclonal B cells of CLL admixed with benign polyclonal B cells |
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CD23
Cell stained (+) and 2 functions?
2 heme ca's helps to diff?
1 other utility? |
B-cell growth factor that helps differentiation into plasma cells, and an IgE receptor
Used to ddx CLL/SLL (+) from MCL (-, but may be dimly [+]) - also useful in seeing dendritic cell network in lymphomas |
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CD24
2 normal functions?
2 general ca's may be (+) and assoc px? |
Promotes prolif of B-cells and stops differentiation into plasma cells
Strong expression in some cancers (ie breast and GI) may bode a poor px |
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CD25
Normal function?
Elevated serum levels assoc c what dz?
2 ca's that stain (+) [and 2 other better markers for 1 of these]? |
IL-2 receptor -elevated serum values in pts with HTLV-related ATCL
(+) in HCL (though CD103/123 may be better), and ALCL |
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CD25
What cell stained positive and what condition if found in clusters of >15 on GI bx? and on skin bx? |
Normal and neoplastic mast cells ( clusters of >15 cells in BM involvement of Systemic Mastocytosis, diagnostic of SM if clusters found in GI biopsy, called Urticaria Pigmentosa if in a skin biopsy) |
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CD31
Nickname and normal function?
Good marker for what? And thus can detect what kind of lesion? Though what marker may be better at detecting invasion?
2 normal cells that can stain (+)? |
aka PECAM1, helps leukocyte migration
Most sensitive/specific endothelial marker in paraffin sections (better than CD34), good at detecting vascular lesions (Kaposi sarcoma, angiosarcoma) - although D2-40 may be better at detecting invasion
- also stains Mgkc's and macrophages |
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CD33
General use? |
Myeloid marker used to detect myeloid/monocytic leukemias |
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CD34
3 cells normally (+)? |
Human hematopoietic progenitor cells; Immature mesenchymal cells; Normal and neoplastic endothelial cells (though stains proliferating endothelial cells better) |
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CD34
3 GI lesions can help to diff?
4 cutaneous lesions can help to diff?
2 vascular lesions it can help to diff?
2 lung lesions can help diff? |
GIST (most epithelioid cell neoplasms +) vs fibromatosis or leiomyosarcoma (both [-])
DFSP, Kaposi sarcoma and epithelioid sarcoma (all [+]) vs dermatofibroma (-)
Hemangiopericytoma (+) vs endometrial stromal sarcoma (-)
Solitary fibrous tumors (+, vs desmoplastic mesothelioma and synovial sarcoma [both {-}]) |
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CD34
4 other tumors stained (+)? - clue: 1 heme, 1 liver, 1 neuro |
Chloromas
Angiosarcoma (most spindle cell tumors)
HCC
Nerve sheath tumors
and many more!!! |
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CD35
1 utility |
(+) in dendritic cells c CD21, thus can dx follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and attempt to highlight networks of dendritic cells |
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CD38
1 normal and 1 ca stained (+)?
1 other heme ca that can be (+) [and assoc px]? |
Helps identify plasma cells and myeloma(?)
- bodes poor px if (+) in CLL (when >30%+) |
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CD41
2 heme elements stained (+)?
1 ca and 1 heme dz stains (+)? |
Normal and cancerous Mgkcs and platelets
Dx AML-M7 (Mgkc differentiation) and Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
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CD42
2 heme elements stained (+)?
1 ca (+)?
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Normal and cancerous Mgkcs and platelets
Dx AML-M7 (Mgkc differentiation) |
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CD43
1 cell normally (+)? 2 ca's with this cell line stains (+) c high specificity?
1 cell and 3 assoc cancers aberrantly stained (+)? |
Normal and cancerous T cells - 70-90% of T-cell lymphomas; more sensitive than CD45 for myeloid sarcoma (chloroma)
Aberrant B cell expression in MCL, SLL, and MZL (not usually in FCL) - 22-37% of B-cell lymphomas; not expressed on reactive B cells |
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CD43
Along with CD20, can help diff what 2 ca's?
1 dz (syndrome) in which its expression is altered? |
Differentiate pulmonary MALT lymphoma (CD20/43+ ) from lymphoid hyperplasia (-)
under-expressed in Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome |
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CD44
2 ca's it can help to differentiate? |
Most helpful in differentiating urothelial transitional cell CIS (- or dim) from non-neoplastic urothelial cell changes (+ in basal layer) |
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CD45
Nickname?
What cells generally stained (+)?
3 cells that don't stain? - 1 classic cell not stained and an exception?! |
aka Leukocyte common antigen (LCA)
All normal and cancerous leukocytes
weak-absent in myeloblasts, plasma cells, and nRBCs
-not on Reed-Sternberg cells (except in NLPHD) |
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CD47
2 heme ca's can help to diff? |
Differentiate T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (+) from T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (-) |
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CD52
Can diff bwt what 2 normal heme cells?
1 clinical utility? |
(+) in eos vs neutros (-)
May be used to tx some malignancies |
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CD54
Nickname and function? |
aka ICAM-1 (ligand for LFA-1 [CD50]) |
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CD55
Nickname?
Can be used to dx what condition? |
aka Delay Acceleration Factor (DAF)
Used to dx PNH |
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CD56
Nickname? Function?
3 normal cells that stain (+)? |
aka Neural-Cell Adhesion Molecule (N-CAM) - regulates neuron-neuron and neuron-muscle interactions
Normal and cancerous NK cells, neuroendocrine cells and Schwann cells |
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CD56
Helps in dx'ing what 3 ca's? (general) |
Good for NK-cell tumors, plasma cell tumors, small cell carcinomas, and many other tumors |
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CD57 Nickname?
2 normal cells that are (+) [1 is a general cell class]
3 heme ca's can help to diff (and a classic pattern)?
2 GU ca's can help to diff? |
aka Leu-7
Subset of normal and cancerous NK cells and neuroendocrine cells - stains rosettes in NLPHL but is absent in DLBCL and CHL - high grade prostatic adenocarcinoma (+) vs high grade urothelial carcinoma (CD57-) |
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CD58
How used by patos?
1 clinical utility? |
Nonspecific, used to assess aberrant INTENSITY of expression
- may detect MRD in pre-B ALL |
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CD59
Generally on which cells?
Expression altered in which dz (and 1 assoc CD)? |
Present on every cell in human body
Decreased (with CD 55-DAF) in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
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CD61 Nickname and function? 2 heme elements stained (+)?
Can distinguish what 2 dz's?
(+) in what heme ca? |
aka ITGB3, is the human integrin beta chain beta 3 protein
Normal and cancerous megakaryocytes and platelets - may distinguish TTP (+ platelet rich thrombi) from DIC (-) (+) in megakaryocytic (M7) AML |
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CD63
3 ca's can stain (+)
-- not generally used... |
marker for melanoma (non-specific) and stains 100% of angiomyolipos and breast carcinomas
Not generally used |
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CD66
One possible utility |
expression (of CD66a) may predict mets in melanoma |
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CD68
What 4 cells normally (+)?
1 heme ca (+)? |
Marker for histiocytes and histiocytic tumors - (+) in monos/macros, basophils, dendritic cells and fibroblasts - also (+) in myeloid sarcoma (AML c myeloid diff) |
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CD70
What 2 endocrine ca's in H&N can help to diff? |
May help differentiate thymic ca (+) vs thymoma (-) |
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CD71
Nickname / function?
Utility in FC? |
aka transferrin receptor (on erythroid cells [nonspecific])
May be used by FC to differentiate AMLs or B-cell lymphomas |
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CD74
Nickname and function?
2 utilities? |
aka MHC II assoc invariant chain - prevents the premature binding of new MHC II proteins with endogenous proteins
Expressed on many APCs and stains germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell (but only rarely T-cell) lymphomas |
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CD77
1 utility |
Can id germ center cells |
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CD99
Nicknames (3)?
2 ca's this CD was originally though to be specific for?
Viz for these ca's? |
p30/32, mic-2, O-13
Originally thought to be specific for peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) / Ewing sarcoma - has distinct membranous staining in these tumors |
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CD99
Other tumors now known to stain (+)? (6, but just for fun)
1 tumor that never stains? |
Now also known to be positive in lymphoblastic lymphoma, granulosa cell tumors, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, solitary fibrous tumors, and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, many others
- always negative in neuroblastoma |
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CD103
Classically assoc c what ca?
2 other ca's that may stain (+)? |
Sensitive and specific for HCL
- also (+) in enteropathy-assoc T-cell lymphoma and some cases of MZL of spleen |
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CD105
Nickname? Function? (cellular)
Staining utility? |
aka Endoglin
Receptor for transforming growth factor B1
- highly expressed on endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis and inflam, but only weakly or negatively stains vascular endothelium of normal tissues |
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CD105
Sensitive and specific for what cell process? another CD that stains the same? |
More sensitive and specific marker for tumor angiogenesis than anti-CD31 (labels newly formed blood vessels) |
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CD117
Nickname? Function? Diff what 4 tumors?
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aka c-kit tyrosine kinase with gene on 4q12, adjacent to PDGFRA
made by cells of Cajal (precursor to GISTs) - good for differentiating GISTs from Kaposi's, Schwannomas, and smooth muscle tumors |
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CD117
2 endocrine H&N cancer can help to diff?
5 other ca's can stain (just read for fun) |
Thymic carcinoma (+) vs thymoma (-)
melanocytes (esp junctional; up to 40% of melanomas), seminomas, progenitor myeloid cells (AML/CML), mast cells (mastocytoma), PEComa |
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CD138
Nickname?
How encoded genetically?
When expressed (in what cell) and function?
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aka Syndecan 1
Protein encoded by a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan gene - is expressed in the late stages of B-cell differentiation when almost a plasma cell and moderates neovascularization through binding fibroblast growth factor |
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CD138
Stains what cells normally?
Specific in heme? in general?
What ca is assoc c loss of CD138? |
Plasma cells (normal and cancerous)
very specific within heme realm, but also stains wide range of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms |
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CD141
Nickname
2 lung ca's can help to diff?
(+) in what GU ca? Cutaneous ca? |
aka Thrombomodulin
Mesothelioma vs lung adenoca (must exclude vasculature)
(+) in urothelial ca
SCC (+) |
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CD146
Nickname?
(+) in what 4 ca's?
Can diff what 2 lung conditions? |
aka Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule (MelCAM)
(+) in melanoma, choriocarcioma, leiomyosarcoma, clear cell sarcoma
DDx mesothelioma (+) vs reactive mesothelium (-) |
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CD163
Normal function?
2 normal cells stains (+)? 1 assoc dz stains (+)? |
An acute phase-regulated transmembrane protein that mediates the endocytosis of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes and as an anti-inflammatory signal
Found on surface of monocytes (+) and tissue macrophages (+++) - (+) in histiocytic sarcoma |
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CD21
1 assoc heme ca, and how it can help c other heme ca's generally?
2 splenic ca's it can help diff? |
Used to dx follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and look at network of denritic cells in various lymphomas (FL,MCL, NLPHL)
May distinguish splenic littoral cell angioma (+) from splenic hamartoma (-) |
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CD30
2 nicknames?
3 cell normally (+)?
3 ca's may be (+)? [1 for a bonus] |
aka Ki-1; Ber-H2 (+) plasma cells, immunoblasts (like viral [EBV] lymphadenopathy), NK cells
Reed-Sternberg cells (CHL, [-] in NLPHL), ALCL(has targetoid membrane and Golgi appearance), embryonal carcinoma ([+] in a few seminomas), MF, other lymphomas |
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CD79a
2 cells normally (+)?
Mirrors what CD and how stains differently?
2 ca's can differentiate? |
Normal and cancerous B cells and plasma cells (broader than CD20)
-complements CD20 (stains similar cells), but stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma
- can differentiate pre-B lymphoblastic lymphoma from Ewing's sarcoma |
