Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Converged Network
|
A network capable of carrying voice, video, and digital data.
|
|
|
Define SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) Network
|
SOHO, or Small Office/Home Office, network refers to the general working environment of small businesses and home-based businesses.
|
|
|
Define Host
|
A device that directly participates in network communication.
It can a) use network resources that are available and/or b) provide network resources to other hosts on the network (example: Host B can print to a printer attached directly to Host A if sharing settings are set correctly). |
|
|
Define Peripheral
|
A device in a computer system that is not part of the core computing system.
|
|
|
Define Network Device (NOT NetworkING Device)
|
A computer, a peripheral, or other related communication equipment attached to a network.
|
|
|
Define Networking Device (NOT Network Device)
|
Devices that connect other devices, mainly hosts, to move and control traffic. Examples include hubs, switches, and routers.
|
|
|
Define Media (in reference to Networking)
|
Media provide connections between hosts and network devices and can be wire (copper or fiber optic, for example) or wireless.
|
|
|
Define Daemon
|
Server software running on Unix or Linux hosts; it's loaded and running and waits for clients to request its service (such as Web, FTP, Gopher, etc.)
|
|
|
Define Peer-to-Peer Network
|
A network in which any given computer can function as both server and client.
|
|
|
Simplest (& smallest) Peer-to-Peer Network
|
Two computers directly connected via wire or wireless.
|
|
|
What is required to create a Peer-to-Peer Network with more than 2 computers?
|
At minimum, a hub.
|
|
|
What is the main disadvantage of a Peer-to-Peer network?
|
The performance of a host can slow down if it is acting as both server and client at the same time. This slows its response time as a server, thus slowing down performance of the network.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Setup advantage
|
Easy to set up; usually connect via a hub or switch & quickly/easily share resources.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Basic Needs advantage
|
Easily meets the most common network needs are for file-sharing and printer-sharing.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Cost advantage
|
Possible to set up without network devices or dedicated servers. The more basic the network connection, the easier and cheaper to buy and maintain.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Simplicity advantage
|
Less complex, so fewer components and usually no server setup.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Administration disadvantage
|
No central administration possible; accounts, settings, and security must be maintained on each computer.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Security disadvantage
|
Gaining unauthorized access to network resources is easier than with centralized server-based security.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Expansion disadvantage
|
Not easily scalable. The bigger this type of network gets, the harder it is to manage.
|
|
|
Peer-to-Peer Network Host Performance disadvantage
|
If a host is acting as both client and server, client demands on server can slow down performance of applications in use by the Host's actual user.
|
|
|
Server-based Network
|
Multiple computers connected by wire or wireless media to a server (a computer or network device that manages network resources)
|
|
|
Physical Topology
|
The physical layout of the actual locations of all network equipment and the media (wire or wireless) that connects it. Ex: Network devices, hosts, printers, wiring, wiring closets, etc. Usually this is mapped using a building diagram.
|
|
|
Logical Topology
|
A layout of hosts & other network devices by how they use the network in relation to other devices.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Bus
|
Uses a single backbone cable that is terminated at both ends; all hosts connect directly to this cable
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Ring
|
Connects Host A to B, B to C, C to A, for example, to form a ring.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Web Resource
|
http://www.atis.org/glossary/definition.aspx?id=3516
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Ring (Token Ring)
|
Token Ring networks are actually Ring networks, although they are physically wired as stars.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Ring (FDDI)
|
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a networking technique based on ring topology.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Ring (SONET)
|
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is a networking technique based on ring topology.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Web Resource
|
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0130462/networking.htm
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Star
|
Connects all hosts to a central point (think of a plus-sign crossed with an X).
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Extended Star
|
Links individual stars together by connecting the hubs or switches that sit at the central point that all hosts connect to. A Star network can be expanded using Extended Star topology.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Hierarchical
|
Similar to an Extended Star, except that instead of linking the hubs or switches that sit at the center of each star TOGETHER, the hubs or switches are connected to a NETWORKING DEVICE, usually a router that controls traffic on the entire topology.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Mesh (Full Mesh)
|
All points are connected to all other points; think of five hosts connected by a pentagram of wires and a five-pointed star of wires -- each host would be directly connected to each other hosts.
|
|
|
Physical Topology: Mesh (Partial Mesh)
|
Not all sites have multiple connections to all others. Gives partial redundancy. Internet uses partial mesh.
|
|
|
Which Physical Topology design gives complete redundancy?
|
Full Mesh, where all sites have all connections to all others.
|
|
|
Which Physical Topology design gives some, but not total, redundancy?
|
Partial Mesh, where some but not all sites have multiple connections to some but not necessarily all other sites.
|
|
|
Source
|
Sender
|
|
|
Channel
|
Pathway, or transmission medium, that the message is sent over: A spoken message travels as sound waves through the air or water, so the pathway is air or water.
|
|
|
Destination
|
Intended recipient of the message
|
|
|
Protocols define what?
|
Details of how a message is transmitted and delivered.
|
|
|
Network Protocols specify what?
|
Message format, Message size, Timing, Encapsulation, Encoding, Standard Message pattern, for example.
|
|
|
Define Frame
|
Encapsulating the Ethernet protocol message, this acts as an envelope. Destination and Source Physical Addresses are added to the front. End of message indicator is added at the end.
|
|
|
Define Access Method
|
This determines when a computer can send a message and how to respond if an error occurs.
|
|
|
Define Flow Control
|
Determines how much data can be sent and at what speed.
|
|
|
Define Response Timeout
|
Determines how long a host should wait for response and what to do if none arrives in that time (known as a "timeout" error).
|
|
|
Define Unicast
|
One-to-one message pattern; a packet addressed to only one destination. Usually acknowledged by destination host.
|
|
|
Define Multicast
|
One-to-many message pattern; a packet address to many destinations. Usually unacknowledged by destination hosts.
|
|
|
Define Broadcast
|
One-to-all message pattern; usually unacknowledged.
|
|
|
What is the most common set of protocols on local wired networks?
|
The set of Ethernet protocols.
|
|
|
Benefits of standard protocols for networking
|
Facilitate design
Simplify product development Promote competition Provide consistent interconnections Facilitate training Provide more vendor choices for customers |
|
|
What is the de facto standard protocol for networking?
|
The Ethernet protocol.
|
|
|
What does IEEE stand for?
|
International Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
|
|
|
What does the IEEE do that affects networking?
|
IEEE committees maintain a number of local networking standards, including Ethernet and wireless.
|
|
|
What are the IEEE committees responsible for?
|
Approving (through the RFC process) and maintaining standards for
1) connections, 2) media requirements, and 3) communication protocols. |
|
|
baseband
|
A transmission technique using a narrow range of frequencies that allows only one message to be sent at a time.
|
|
|
What does Ethernet 100baseT mean?
|
100 Mbps (Megabytes per second)
Base (baseband transmission) T (Twisted pair cable) |
|
|
Shared Ethernet
|
Any host can broadcast at any time on shared bandwidth, causing a collision (see collision domain)
|
|
|
CSMA-CD Acronym
|
Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection
|
|
|
What does CSMA-CD mean?
|
Multiple hosts are listening to (sensing a signal on) the cable (carrier) for a transmission of a message (packet). If none is heard (detected), the host can send a message (packet).
|
|
|
What happens if two hosts transmit a message (packet) at the same time on a shared Ethernet network?
|
A collision occurs. The message (packet) gets damaged. The hosts that sent the original packets wait, then re-send.
|
|
|
Why does CSMD-CD take up resources?
|
Packets are sent and re-sent and sometimes garbled packets get sent.
|
|
|
Switched Ethernet network
|
Uses a Local Area Network (LAN) switch to solve collision problems.
|
|
|
What does a LAN switch do that prevents collisions?
|
Provides a dedicated circuit between any two hosts that need to communicate.
|
|
|
What is one way Switched Ethernet protocol versions increase network speed?
|
They can provide full speed in both directions.
|
|
|
MAC Acronym
|
Media Access Control
|
|
|
How many bits is a MAC address?
|
48-bits.
|
|
|
What does the MAC address identify?
|
A device on the network of any kind.
|
|
|
What do the first 24 bits identify?
|
The manufacturer of the device.
|
|
|
What do the last 24 bits identify?
|
A particular interface or NIC.
|
|
|
How do you find the MAC address of a host running Windows?
|
Type "cmd" in the "Run" box and hit "enter." When the window pops up, type "ipconfig /all" at the prompt and hit "enter."
|
|
|
PDU Acronym
|
Protocol Data Units
|
|
|
What is a PDU in Ethernet protocol?
|
A data grouping.
|
|
|
What is an example of an Ethernet PDU?
|
An Ethernet frame.
|
|
|
Physical Address
|
Address assigned to an actual device. Takes the form of a MAC address (see cards in this set relating to MAC address).
|
|
|
Logical Address
|
In IP (Internet Protocol), an IP address identifies the logical position of the device on its network.
|
|
|
What address(es) is/are required for a host to participate in sending and receiving IP packets on the Internet?
|
Both physical and logical addresses are required.
|
|
|
Hierarchical Design of Network
|
Access Layer (hosts & peripherals)
Distribution Layer (devices that interconnect hosts and small networks of hosts) Core Layer (High-speed connections between distribution layer devices; aka "backbone") |
|
|
Access Layer
|
Where humans access the network; hosts, peripherals, "smart" devices such as Internet-connected thermostats and refrigerators, printers, etc.
|
|
|
Hub
|
A single-channel shared-bandwidth device with multiple ports that allow multiple hosts to access a single network connection.
|
|
|
What happens if two hosts send packets to the hub at the same time?
|
The packets collide on the single-channel like two cars on a one-lane road; neither transmits successfully.
|
|
|
What does a hub do if it receives two packets at the same time?
|
It receives the garbled packet and repeats it out to all hosts, wasting bandwidth and CPU resources.
|
|
|
What is the name for the group of hosts and connected hub that share a single channel?
|
A collision domain.
|
|
|
What is a collision domain?
|
The group of hosts and the hub that connects them on a single channel.
|
|
|
MAC address table
|
A table on the switch (although routers and hosts also maintain MAC address tables) contains a list of all active ports and the host MAC addresses attached to the ports.
|
|
|
What does a switch do with a MAC table?
|
When it receives a packet, it checks the table for the destination MAC address. If found, it sends packet directly to MAC address. If not, it floods the packet to all hosts.
|
|
|
What happens when a switch finds the correct MAC address in its table for a particular packet?
|
The switch creates a dedicated circuit and sends the packet directly to the destination MAC.
|
|
|
What happens if a host finds that it is not the intended destination MAC address for a packet?
|
The host ignores the packet.
|
|
|
What happens if a host finds that it is the intended destination MAC address for a packet?
|
The host acknowledges to the switch that the host has received the packet.
|
|
|
What does the switch do if a host with a MAC address NOT in the switch's MAC table acknowledges receipt of a packet?
|
The switch adds the MAC address for that host to the MAC table.
|
|
|
What is "flooding"?
|
When a switch gets a packet with a MAC address it doesn't know, it sends the packet to all hosts.
|
|
|
local network (NOT Local Area Network or LAN)
|
Hosts connected to a hub or switch.
|
|
|
How does a host on a local network get information from another host?
|
Sends a packet using the other host's MAC address.
|
|
|
How does a host on a local network get information from another host if the first host doesn't know the MAC address of the second host?
|
Sends a broadcast message to all hosts on the local network. Only the host with the information will respond.
|
|
|
How does a host on a local network send a message/packet to all hosts on the local network?
|
Sends a broadcast message to all hosts on the local network.
|
|
|
How does the source host address a broadcast message if it doesn't have the MAC address of the destination host?
|
Uses the Broadcast MAC address.
|
|
|
What is the Broadcast MAC address?
|
In hexadecimal notation: FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.
|
|
|
How many bits is the Broadcast MAC address?
|
48 bits.
|
|
|
What is another name for a Broadcast Domain?
|
Local Network.
|
|
|
What is another name for a Local Network?
|
Broadcast Domain.
|
|
|
Why is a Local Network also called a Broadcast Domain?
|
Because any host on a local network broadcasts to all hosts on the same local network.
|
|
|
Why is a Broadcast Domain also called a local network?
|
Because when a host sends a broadcasts, it goes to all hosts on the same local network.
|
