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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the diagnostic features of apthous ulcers? |
Ulcers inside the mouth, cheeks, lips or tongue |
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What are the red flags for apthous ulcers? |
Recurrent ulcers lasting longer than 3 weeks, rash, weight loss. |
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What treatments are available for apthous ulcers? |
-Bonjela (choline salycilate) -Anbesol (lidocaine) -Iglu (lidocaine) |
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What questions should be asked for apthous ulcers? |
-More than one? -Changed shape or colour? -Drug history--> side effect of inhaler? -Weight loss? -Stress? -How big? |
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What are the diagnostis features of gingivitis? |
-Red, swollen and inflamed gums |
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What are the red flags for gingivitis? |
Infection, pus, tooth loss and excessive bleeding |
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What is the treatment for gingivitis? |
Chlorehexidine Mouthwash/Corsodyl mouthwash Better oral hygeine |
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What questions should be asked for gingivitis? |
-Unexplained ulceration? -Tooth loss? -Pus/excessive bleeding from gums? |
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What are the symptoms of oral candidiasis? |
Thick, white, creamy curd on the tongue |
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What are the red flag symptoms of oral candidiasis? |
Recurrent/persistent thrush, no obvious cause, babies under 4 months, signs of systemic illness, immunocompromised |
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What is the treatment for oral candidiasis? |
Miconazole oral gel, or fluconazole oral capsule |
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Questions to ask for oral candidiasis |
-Inhaler technique -Smoker? -Dentures? -Difficulty swallowing? -Chronic pain or discomfort? |
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What are the symptoms of acne vulgaris? |
Red inflamed spots, oily skin, painful skin, cysts |
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What are the red flags for acne vulgaris? |
-Deep painful nodules -Hyperpigmentation -Psychological distress -Multiple treatments have failed |
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What are the treatments for acne vulgaris? |
-Acnecide (benzoyl peroxide) -Freederm (nicotinamide) |
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What questions should be asked for acne vulgaris? |
-Medication? -How long? -Any pain? -What areas are affected? -Does it cause any social anxiety? |
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What are the symptoms of nappy rash? |
Red patches on bottom, skin may be hot to touch, sore, spotty, pimples or blisters Bacterial= yellow, pus etc... |
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What are the red flags for nappy rash? |
-Recurring and persistent -Rash covers a large area -Signs of infection -Baby is unwell |
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What are the treatments for nappy rash? |
-Sudocrem and referral to GP if bacterial -Clotrimazole if fungal -Bepanthen |
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What questions should be asked for nappy rash? |
-Is the nappy rash recurring? -How big is the rash? -How long has the child had nappy rash? -Any signs of infection? -Any broken skin? |
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What are the symptoms of eczema? |
Dry, flaky skin Inflammation Red spots Itchy, weepy and cracked Itchiness is the diagnostic feature. |
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What are the red flags of eczema? |
-Skin infection -Weeping, crusting, spreading -Severe eczema (bleeding, badly cracked) -Medication won't control it -No improvement after 1 week of topical corticosteroids |
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What is the treatment for eczema? |
Hydrocortisone cream |
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What questions should be asked for eczema? |
Any bleeding, weeping or crusting? Any aggrevating factors- hayfever or allergies? How is the rash distributed? Previous history of eczema |
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What are the symptoms of scabies? |
-Intense itching, especially at night -Loss of sleep -Silvery lines with dots at the end |
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What are the red flags for scabies? |
-Crusting -In babies or children -If acquired through sexual contact -Infection -Treatment has failed -Yellow discharge from rash |
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What are the treatments for scabies? |
-Lyclear (permethrin 5%) -Crotamiton for itching |
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What questions should be asked for scabies? |
-How intense is the itching -Does the itching occur at night? -Which part of the skin is affected? -Is there any discharge from the rash? |
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What are the symptoms of an insect bite? |
-Red swollen lump on skin -Painful, very itchy -Symptoms usually resolve within hours/days |
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What are the red flag symptoms for insect bites? |
-Swollen face, mouth or throat -Wheezing -Systemic allergic reaction--> extreme swelling -Large local reaction resulting in oedema -Erythema and pruritis |
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What are the treatments for insect bites? |
-Oral antihistamines -Anthisan |
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What questions should be asked for insect bites? |
-Where is the bite located? -Have you been on holiday lately? -Is there any pain? -Is there any itching? How severe is it? -Flu/fever-like symptoms? -Have you had a previous allergic reaction to an insect bite? |
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What are the symptoms of warts/verrucas? |
Verruca= flattened discrete lesion on the ball of the foot, underside the big toe or heel. Multiple black spots may be visible Warts= hard firm and rough, round, flat and yellow. Can appear on palms, knees and fingers. |
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What are the red flags for warts/verrucas? |
-Facial wart -Uncertain diagnosis -Immunocompromised -Skin is extensivey affected -OTC treatment and cryotherapy has failed -Non-uniform in colour and irregular border |
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What is the treatment for warts and verrucas? |
Topical salicylic acid (bazuka) |
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What questions should be asked for warts/verrucas? |
Where are they? Are you diabetic, on warfarin or do you have any nerve problems? |
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What are the symptoms of ringworm? |
Small ring patches with red scaly edges |
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What are the red flags of ringworm? |
-On scalp -Swollen -Warm -Blistering -Pus -Immunocompromised -Diabetic |
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What is the treatment for ringworm? |
Clotrimazole 1% cream |
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What questions should be asked for ringworm? |
-Any steroid drugs? -Chemotherapy? -Diabetic? -How large is the rash/where is it? -Is the rash painful/itchy? -Is there any discharge from the rash? |
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What are the symptoms of constipation? |
Difficulty passing stool, reduced frequency, bloating |
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What are the red flags for constipation? |
Blood in stool, rectal bleeding, unintentional weight loss |
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What are the treatments for constipation? |
Ispaghula husk (fybogel), lactulose, senna |
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What questions should be asked for constipation? |
-How often do you usually go to the toilet? -How long have the symptoms been present? -Any lifestyle changes? -Stress? -Blood in stool/rectal bleeding? -Any weight loss? -Fatigue/tiredness? |
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What are the symptoms of dyspepsia? |
Heartburn, feeling full, bloating, sick, flatulence, bitter taste in mouth |
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What are the red flags for dyspepsia? |
Vomiting blood, history of ulcers, GI bleeds, OTC treatment not working, unintentional weight loss, difficulty swallowing |
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What are the treatments for dyspepsia? |
Esomeprazole, rennie (calcium carbonate) |
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What questions should be asked for dyspepsia? |
Taking NSAID? Vomited coffee ground vomit? Weight loss? Fatigued or tired? |
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What are the symptoms of diarrhoea? |
Loose watery stools, cramping, abdominal discomfort, dehydration, nausea and vomiting |
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What are the red flags for diarrhoea? |
Rectal bleeding, blood in stool, unintentional weight loss, history of fever, foreign travel |
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What is the treatment for diarrhoea? |
Loperamide (immodium) |
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What questions should be asked for diarrhoea? |
Holiday recently? When did it begin? How often do you need to go? Other symptoms? Blood? Weight loss? |
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What are the symptoms of piles? |
Bleeding after passing stool (bright red), itchy bottom, lump hanging down outside anus, mucus discharge |
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What are the red flags of haemorrhoids? |
Rectal bleeding, extreme pain, internal haemorrhoids which have prolapsed and become swollen, extremely uncomfortable bowel movements, no improvement after 7 days, extreme discomfort, fever |
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What is the treatment for piles? |
Anusol ointment or suppositories Germoloids (lidocaine and zinc oxide) |
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What questions should be asked for piles? |
Bowel habits changed? Unintentional weight loss? Abdominal pain or vomiting? Does anything make the condition worse? Fever? Any blood? |
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What are the symptoms of travel sickness? |
Nausea, pallor, dizziness, headaches, fatigue and reduced appetite |
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What are the red flags for tavel sickness? |
Migraines, medications that cause sickness, fatigue, tingling of arms and/or legs, excessive vomiting for more than 2 days |
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What treatments are there for travel sickness? |
Kwells- hyoscine hydrobromide Stugeron- cinnarizine |
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What questions should be asked for travel sickness? |
Visual disturbances? Pregnancy? Allergies? Fatigue? |
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What are the symptoms of nicotine replacement therapy? |
Previous smoker, sleep disturbances, restless, lacking concentration, cravings, mood swings |
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What are the red flags for NRT? |
Unresponsive to current therapy, breathlessness, fevers, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, signs of nicotine poisoning |
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What is the treatment for NRT? |
Nicotine gum or patches, start patient on highest dose available if heavy smoker |
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What questions should be asked for NRT? |
How many cigarettes smoked per day? How long have you smoked? Preferred formulation? When was the last time they smoked? |
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What are the symptoms of headlice? |
Itchy scalp, nits found on hair hsafts, lice found on scalp |
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What are the red flags for headlice? |
Child under 2, second infestation within 4 weeks, severe infestation, signs of resitance, secondary infection |
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What is the treatment for headlice? |
Dimeticone (Hedrin 4%) |
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What questions should be asked for headlice? |
Any outbreak at school? Contact with another child that has headlice? Itchy scalp? Does anything fall out when brushing hair? |
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What are the symptoms of earwax? |
Earache, muffled hearing, dizziness, otitis media or externa, high pithced sounds |
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What are the red flag signs for ear wax? |
Pain in ear, complete loss of hearing, signs of an infection, OTC treatment doesn't work, ear infection history, non-waxy white discharge, previous perforation of ear drum |
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What is the treatment for earwax? |
Olive oil ear drops |
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What questions should be asked for earwax? |
Perforation? Both ears? Discharge colour? Pain? Previous history of infection? |
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What are the symptoms of a cough? |
Shorter tolerance to exercise, runny nose, heartburn, fever, difficulty swallowing, night sweats |
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What are the red flags for a cough? |
Severe cough lasting more than 3 weeks, coughing up blood, COPD, asthma, chest pain, painful or inflamed ear, weight loss |
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What treatments are available for a cough? |
Antitussive (benylin dry), guaifenisin (expectorant/mucous cough) |
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What are the questions to ask for a cough? |
How long, and mucus, how frequent, colour of mucous, any blood, shortness of breath, fever, weight loss, chest pain, wheezing or hoarseness? Previously spoken to a healthcare professional about the cough? Affecting sleep? Any medication tried? Asthma? |
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What are the symptoms of hayfever? |
Sneezing, runny nose, congestion, cough, runniy/itchy eyes, itching of the palate |
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What are the red flags for hayfever? |
Bloody nasal discharge- unilateral, recurrent nose bleeds, nasal pain or obstruction |
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What questions should be asked for hayfever? |
Are the symptoms worse when going outside? When do the symptoms occur? Any sleep disturbances? Do you have any pets? Any known allergies? |
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What are the symptoms of athlete's foot? |
Itchy white patches between toes, red sore and flaky patches on feet, blisters on the foot, dry scaly and raw skin, skin that is cracked and bleeding |
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What are the red flags of athlete's foot? |
No response after 2 weeks of treatment, evidence of secondary infection, immunocompromised, diabetic |
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What treatment is used for athlete's foot? |
Terbinafine (lamisil cream, gel, spray) |
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What questions should be asked for athlete's foot? |
Are your feet cracked and bleeding? What does the rash look like? White patches, cracks and pus? Moist? Painful or itchy rash? Do you go swimming, gym, saunas? Are you diabetic? |
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What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis? |
Bacterial: gritty, itchy, no pain, discharge, red eye. Viral: gritty, no pain, clear discharge, cold symptoms Allergic: Itchy, no pain, no grittiness, nasal symptoms, bilateral |
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What are the red flags for conjunctivitis? |
Pain, sensitivity to light, visual disturbance, intense redness, if symptoms have not cleared within 2 weeks |
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What treatment is available for conjunctivitis? |
Bacterial- chloramphenicol eye ointment/drops Viral- Self-limiting. Cold and flu/paracetamol for other symptoms Allergic- sodium cromoglicate (opticrom) eye drops and antihistamine |
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What questions should be asked for conjunctivitis? |
Both eyes or just one? Do you wear contacts? Does your eye feel gritty? Vision problems? Any discharge, what colour? Recent cold? Any allergies? |
