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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the treaty of Arras in 1435? |
End of the Anglo-Burgundian alliance and an alliance between France and Burgundy. |
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What treaty was signed in 1444 that led to a 2 year period of detente and included a marriage arrangement between Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou? |
Truce of Tours |
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What year did Henry marry Margaret of Anjou? |
1435 |
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What years were the famine in Normandy and what did Henry VI do in response? |
Forced taxes to pay for the French war and embarked on building Eton College and King's College, Cambridge |
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When did England lose complete control of Paris? |
May 1436 |
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What happened in 1442-3 that is believed to have led to Cardinal Beaufort's (suspected) suicide? |
Beaufort led a military expedition led by his nephew John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, this ended in failure. |
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What sparked the rivalry between the Percys and Nevilles? |
Both families wanted to expand their own power and the Nevilles were in position of Percy land in 1453-4 which erupted into private war. |
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What caused Cade's rebellion? |
1. Growing popular discontent against the government 2. Growing economic crisis and trade embargo 3. Failures in France 4. Nobles were blamed for embezzling the Crown's funds and land. |
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What Year was Adam Moleyms, Bishop of Chichester murdered by a mob? Where was he murdered? |
1450 - During Cade's Rebellion Portsmouth |
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What happened to Suffolk when he was banished for five years? |
Captured by privateers and beheaded with a rusty sword |
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In what year did Henry VI surrender Maine |
End of 1445, the surrender of Maine was kept secret as it was a highly unpopular idea. |
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Why did Gloucester lose some of his political influence in 1441? |
His wife consulted astrologers on the date of the King's death as Gloucester was heir presumptive. She was forcibly divorced from Gloucester and he was humiliated. |
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Why was Gloucester arrested in 1448? |
The surrender of Maine made him furious and Suffolk was worried he may become a figurehead of discontent. Parliament met him at Burt St Edmonds and he was arrested but died before he was tried. |
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Who was granted the Duchy of Cornwall by Henry VI in 1437? |
Both Boneville and Courtenay. |
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What year was York replaced as Lieutenant of France? |
1447 |
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What province of Normandy was lost in 1449 |
Rouen |
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By 1449, How much was the crown in debt by and what was the crown's annual income? |
£372,000 and $5,000 |
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What did the Act of Resumption do in 1450? |
Granted all of the land back to the crown that Henry had given away from the start of his reign. |
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What ministers were blamed for the problems during Cade's rebellion? |
Lord Saye - Treasurer William Aiscough - Bishop of Salisbury John, Lord Dudley. |
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Why did Cade's rebellion show Henry VI to be a weak ruler? |
1. Many of the king's men defected to the rebel side 2. He did not show up to negotiate with the rebels at Blackheath 3. Henry had to retreat from London as the rebels took over |
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When did York return from Ireland and why? |
September 1450 and to ensure the king he was not involved with Cade's rebels. |
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What did York do when he returned to England |
Wrote to Henry VI offering his assistance in taking over the government in the time of crisis, Henry refused. |
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Why could York not take over the government? |
Somerset had returned from France and rather than being punished for his incompetence, he was awarded with high office. |
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What did a parliament in November 1450 demand and what was the result? |
The trial of Somerset for the failure in France, he was staying in Blackfriars, a Dominican monastery. In December a group of soldiers tried to arrest him. He was saved by York's allies only to have his house looted. York was stirring up unrest which lost him Noble support |
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What did Somerset do in response in 1451? |
Managed to punish the rebels and re-assume control of government. He also raised money to defend Gascony and dealt with the Courtenay and Bonville feud in the South West. |
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What was the final defeat of the Hundred Years War and what date was it? What was the result of this loss? |
Castillion in August 1453 Henry went into a period of catatonic schizophrenia |
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Why was it thought that Henry's son may actually have been illegitimate? |
Because of his illness, Henry was unable to recognize his son as his, causing people to believe that Margaret of Anjou may have had an affair with Somerset. |
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What year did York lead an army of retainers to meet the king at Dartford but was forced to submit? |
1452 |
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What happened to York in 1454? |
He was granted protectorate of England during Henry's illness which put him in direct competition with Margaret of Anjou who also wanted the protectorate. |
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What did York do to Somerset during his protectorate? |
Had him arrested and put in the Tower of London. |
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Give 3 successes of York's protectorate |
1.Introduced reductions of the size and expenditure of the royal household 2.Tried to negotiate peace between Percys and Nevilles 3.Able to restore some law and order in the North |
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Give 3 Failures in York's protectorate |
1.Failed to have Somerset put on trail for treason 2.Said to be partisan towards the Nevilles 3.Not able to include many of his own men into the king's household. |
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Why did the Earl of Warwick decide to take sides with York during his protectorate? |
Discontent with the crown began in 1453 when Henry gave lordship of Glamorgan to Somerset although Warwick had been holding lordship since 1450. |
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When was the First Battle of St Albans and why did it occur? |
1455 York knew that with Somerset around he would always be treated as an enemy. His main aim was to remove Somerset. York and his supporters were summoned to a royal council, remembering what happened to Gloucester, they were suspicious. |
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What happened at the First Battle of St Albans? |
Royal party=2000 men York's army=3000 men negotiations were passed between both sides but Warwick's men grew tired and launched an attack. Among the dead were Somerset, Northumberland and Clifford. Yorkist victory. |
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What happened post-St Albans? |
1455 to February 1456 - Henry goes mad again and York becomes protector York is given £1,800 in arrears for his first protectorate and Warwick is made captain of Calais. period of detente - 1456 to 1459 Margaret remained extremely hostile towards Yorkists |
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What was Loveday? |
March 1458 - Public show of reconciliation engineered by the king. Rival factions walked arm-in-arm into St Paul's cathedral. |
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What happened post-Loveday? |
Margaret of Anjou began dismissing Yorkists from their royal posts |
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When was the Parliament of Devils and what happened? |
1459 - Royal Court held by Margaret and Henry in Coventry. York and Warwick found guilty of treason and were attained and sentenced to death. in their absence. Their heirs lost their inheritance.
York and Warwick responded by raising armies against the king. |
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What battle commenced in September 1459? Who was in control of the Lancastrian force, the Yorkist force and who was victorious? |
The Battle of Blore Heath Lord Audley led Lancastrians Earl of Salisbury - York's brother in law - led the Yorkist force Yorkist victory. |
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What was the aftermath of Blore Heath? |
October - Rout of Ludford - Andrew Trollope's men of Calais (Yorkist army) switched sides and Yorkists fled York fled to Ireland and Warwick fled to Calais. |
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What happened when York returned form Ireland in September 1460? |
Yorkists demanded the parliament of Devils to be revoked York strode into Westminster Hall and announced his intent to claim the throne. He was met with silence and stormed out in fury. |
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What did parliament do in response to this? |
Edward was disinherited and York was to inherit the throne after Henry VI's death |
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When did the Earl of March (York's son) and Warwick return to England and where did they arrive? |
Arrived at Sandwich in June 1460 |
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When was the Battle of Northampton and what happened? |
July 1460 - Yorkist force led by Warwick and ended with a Yorkist victory. Duke of Buckingham was killed and the king was captured. |
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What happened in the Battle of Wakefield in December 1460? |
The queen recruited disorderly troops to battle York. York left his castle too soon and was killed Salisbury was executed and the Earl of March went to Wale to recruit men but hear that Jasper Tudor had landed and brought French mercenaries. Lancastrian victory. |
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What battle was fought in February 1461 against Jasper Tudor and Earl of March (new Duke of York)? |
Battle of Mortimer's Cross Yorkist victory |
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What battle was waged against Margaret of Anjou and Warwick on February 17th 1461? What was the result of this? |
Second Battle of St Albans Lancastrian victory - Henry VI is freed Londoners afraid of Anjou's unruly army and the queen withdrew troops to Dustable to negotiate |
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What battle commenced due to York's need for victory to claim the Throne? |
Battle of Towton - March 1461 |
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What happened at the Battle of Towton? |
Largest battle of the period - 50,000 fought in a snowstorm Yorkist victory Henry VI, Margaret of Anjou and Edward manage to escape North. Edward proclaimed king as his claim was declared superior over Henry VI |
