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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Complete mammalian dental arrangement |
upper: 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 3 molars lower: 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 3 molars
total: 44 teeth |
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Dental Formulae for complete mammalian arrangement |
3-1-4-3 3-1-4-3 |
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Teeth: Clinical Crown |
The part of the tooth covered in enamel that protrudes from the gum line |
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Teeth: Anatomic Crown |
The part of of the tooth covered in enamel, including the section below the gum line. |
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Teeth: Neck |
Junction between the crown and root |
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Teeth: Root |
Anchors the tooth and is covered in cement |
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Teeth: vestibular surface |
Faces outwards toward the cheek |
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Teeth: lingual surface |
Faces inwards toward the tongue |
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Teeth: occlusal surface |
The biting or wearing surface |
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Teeth: rostral (mesial) surface |
The front of the tooth, part of the tooth that faces the midline |
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Teeth: caudal (distal) surface |
The back of the tooth, part of the tooth facing away from the midline |
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Structural component of the simple tooth |
Enamel Dentine Pulp Cavity Cement |
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Teeth: Enamel |
Hard, highly calcified surface covering tooth
Can not repair itself or continue to grow once fully formed
Function: protection |
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Teeth: Dentine |
Calcified, collagen rich matrix (similar to bone)
Forms the bulk of the tooth
Contains odontoblasts |
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Teeth: cement |
Collagen fibres that anchor tooth in socket
Resistant to pressure erosion |
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Teeth: Pulp Cavity |
Located in center of tooth
Narrows with age
Highly vascular and contains a large amount of lymphatic tissue
Contains nerves-all stimuli perceived as pain |
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Teeth: Apical Foramen |
Buried in the deepest part of the jaw
Where nerves and vessels enter/exit the pulp cavity |
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Teeth: Odontoblast |
Forms dentine
Located on the outer surface of the pulp cavity
Deposit organic dentine which calicifies and leaves behind dentine tubules |
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Periodontal Structures |
Gingivae (gums) Periodontal Ligament Alveolar bone of jaw |
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Gingivae (gums) |
Attaches teeth to gingival sulcus |
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Gingival Sulcus |
Crevice between tooth and gingivae
Deepens in periodontal disease
Contains saliva that protects against bacterial penetration |
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Periodontal Ligament |
Collagen fibres that connect cement to alveolar bone (holds tooth in place)
Strong attachment in healthy tooth
Can be eaten away by bacteria in severe periodontal disease
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Periodontal Disease |
Bacteria eat away at periodontal ligament
Gingival sulcus deepens
Bacterial infiltration causes redness and inflammation
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Teeth: Alveolus |
The tooth socket
Separate alveolus for each tooth
Lies within the trabecular bone
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Theocodonty |
Teeth that sit in sockets
Term applies to most mammals |
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Lamina Dura |
Thin layer of dense bone that lines alveolus |
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Arterial supply for mandibular teeth |
Inferior alveolar from maxillary artery
Enters mandibular foramen, lies in mandibular canal, exits mental foramen |
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Arterial supply for maxillary teeth |
Branch from maxillary artery
Runs through maxillary bone |
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Nervous supply for mandibular teeth |
Inferior alveolar nerve which branches from mandibular nerve (V) |
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Mandibular nerve (V) |
Provides nervous supply to mandibular teeth
Provides motor function to muscles of mastication |
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Nervous supply for maxillary teeth |
Infraorbital nerve which branches from maxillary nerve (V) |
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Heterodonty |
Variation in tooth structure |
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Diphydonty |
2 sets of teeth
Present in all mammalian species |
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Deciduous teeth |
Milk or temporary teeth
No molars
Teeth erupt before root is formed |
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Permanent tooth eruption is caused by: |
Root growth Bone growth Pulpal proliferation Tissue Pressure Periodontal traction |
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Process by which permanent teeth erupt |
Permanent tooth rises into alveolus of temporary tooth
Pressure erosion of temporary tooth root
Temporary tooth loosens and falls out
Permanent tooth grows into vacated space |
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Dentition of the dog (Temporary) |
3-1-3 3-1-3 |
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Canine temporary teeth |
Finer and sharper than permanent teeth
Similar in shape to permanent teeth
PM2, PM3, PM4, missing PM1 |
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Dentition of dog (permanent) |
3-1-4-2 3-1-4-3 |
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Canine teeth appear at: |
~3-4 weeks |
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Canine: full temporary dentition present at: |
~6 weeks |
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Canine: adult teeth appear at: |
~3 month |
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Canine: full adult dentition present at: |
~6 months |
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Canine: Incisor teeth |
Small, single root
Fairly loosely attached
Used in grooming
Upper-3 cusps, Lower-2 cusps |
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Canine: canine teeth |
Large and curved, single root
Root larger than crown
Strong attachment
Used for fighting & gripping prey |
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Canine: premolar teeth |
Increase in size (PM1-PM4)
Each has 3 cusps -large central, smaller mesial and distal
Roots are rostrocaudally aligned |
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Canine: PM1 |
Premolar 1 has a single root |
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Canine: PM2 & PM3 |
Premolar 2 and premolar 3 have double root |
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Canine: PM4 |
Premolar 4 has three roots -small medial part
Acts as a shearing surface with M1 (carnassial) |
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Extracting teeth with multiple roots |
Tooth must be split into sections and each root section removed individually |
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Canine: Molars |
Decrease in size (M1-M2 in upper jaw, M1-M3 in lower jaw)
Lower M1 is the largest molar
Flatter crowns than premolars
Used for crushing |
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Canine: Upper molars |
Three roots & three cusps
Transverse orientation |
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Canine: lower molars |
Two roots
Rostrocaudal orientation |
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Canine: Teeth occlusion |
Lower teeth generally lie medial to upper teeth when mouth is closed
Upper PM4 lies lateral to lower M1
Lower canines lie rostral (in front of) to upper canines |
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Dentition of the cat (temporary) |
3-1-3 3-1-2 |
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Dentition of the cat (permanent) |
3-1-3-1 3-1-2-1 |
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Differences between dentition of cat and dog |
Cats lack upper PM1 & M2
Cats lack lower PM1, PM2, M2 & M3
In cats, only upper PM4 has 3 roots |
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Feline: teeth appear at: |
~3 weeks |
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Feline: full temporary dentition present at: |
~6 weeks |
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Feline: adult teeth appear at: |
~3.5 months |
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Feline: full adult dentition present at: |
~6 months |