Cardiovascular Pharm

Front 1

clonidine and methyldopa class?

MOA?

which one works both peripherally and centrally?

Back 1

antihypertensive

a2 agonist thus decreases symp outflow

clonidine

Front 2

clonidine SE (3)

Back 2

dry mouth
sedation
severe rebound hypertension after witdrawal

Front 3

methyldopa SE? (2)

Back 3

sedation
positive Coombs test

Front 4

clonidine and methyldopa drug interaction

Back 4

antidepressant

(they cancel each other)

Front 5

when are B1 selective blockers used

Back 5

in pts with severe pulmonary disease b/c nonselective B blockers could cause fatal bronchoconstriction

Front 6

B1 selective blockers (5)

HINT: A BEAM

Back 6

acebutolol
betaxolol
esmolol
atenolol
metoprolol

Front 7

name two mixed antagonists (i.e. block both a and B blocker)

Back 7

labetolol
carvedilol

Front 8

a1 selective blockers? (3)

name a use of these besides antiHTN

Back 8

prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin

BPH symptoms (i.e. relax urethra to decrease urinary retention)

Front 9

SE of prazosin (3)

Back 9

1st dose orthostatic hypotension
dizziness
headache

Front 10

nonselective a blockers (3)

Back 10

phentolamine
tolazoline
phenoxybenzamine

Front 11

Name two adrenergic blockers and their MOA?

Back 11

reserpine
(blocks uptake of NT into synaptic vesicles)

guanethidine
(inhibits release of stored NE)

Front 12

reserpine SE and drug interaction

Back 12

depression

antidepressants

Front 13

what agents will block the action of guanethidine

Back 13

any reuptake inhibitor

Front 14

hexamethonium, trimethaphan, mecamylamine

MOA?

Back 14

ganglionic blockers that block the nicotinic receptors

Front 15

Name 3 smooth muscle vasodilators used to treat HTN that are not ca channel blockers

Back 15

hydralazine
minoxidil
Nitroprusside

Front 16

hydralazine:

usually taken with (2)

SE

Back 16

B blocker to prevent reflex tach
diuretic to prevent salt/water retension

lupus like syndrome
(note procainamide has the same SE)

Front 17

Hydralazine/nitrate used for?

Back 17

CHF

this is an alternative to ACE inhibitors

Front 18

Minoxidil SE

Back 18

hypertrichosis (i.e. grows hair)

Front 19

Nitroprusside MOA?

SE?

Back 19

via NO

cyanide toxicity
(nausea, psychosis,spasms, tissue hypoxia)

(give nitrites to control cyanide and Hb interaction)

Front 20

Name 3 Ca channel blockers

Back 20

verapamil
diltiazem
nifedipine
(all 3 decrease TPR but the first two can also slow AV conduction)

Front 21

verapamil SE

Back 21

constipation

Front 22

Name two ACE inhibitors

name one contraindication

Back 22

Captopril
enalapril

renal artery stenosis

Front 23

Captopril SE

Remember mnemonic

Back 23

Cough (very imp- Losartan does not)
Angioedema
Proteinuria
Taste changes
hypOtenstion
Preg problems (fetal renal problems)
Rash
Increased renin
Lowers AII

Front 24

Antiarrhythmic classes:
name all 4

Back 24

I: Na channel blockers
II: B blockers
III: K channel blocker (i.e. prolong AP)
IV: Ca channel blockers

Front 25

Name 4 Class 1A (mnemonic) agents

MOA?

arrhythmias?

Back 25

Quinidine Amiodarone
Procainamide Disopyramide
(Queen Amy Proclaims Diso's pyramid)

slows phase 0 depolarization
(increases AP duration)

atrial and ventricular

Front 26

procainamide SE

Back 26

reversible SLE-like syndrome
(remember increased anti-histone Ab)

Front 27

quinidine SE (3)

Back 27

cinchonism
(headache and tinnitus)
thrombocytopenia
torsades de pointes

Front 28

Class IB agents (3)

MOA?

Back 28

Lidocaine mexiletine
tocainamide

shortens phase 3 repolarization

Front 29

Class IB

best use of these agents (2)

Back 29

hypoxic - post-MI

depolarized - digitalis toxicity

Front 30

Class IC (name 3)

MOA?

main use?

SE?

Back 30

felcainide encainide
propafenone

severe phase O depression

fatal ventricular arrhythmias

proarrhythmic

Front 31

Class II agents (5)

MOA

Back 31

propanolol esmolol
metoprolol atenolol
timolol

inhibit AV node conduction

Front 32

Class II SE of importance

Back 32

they may mask signs hypoglycemia

Front 33

Name 4 Class III

MOA

use

Back 33

amiodarone bretylium
sotalol ibutilide

block K thus increase repol

used when other antiarrhythmics fail

Front 34

ibutilide SE

Back 34

torsades

Front 35

sotalol SE

Back 35

torsades and excessive B block

Front 36

bretylium SE

Back 36

causes new arrhythmias

Front 37

amiodarone SE (4)

remember mnemonic

Back 37

pulmonary fibrosis
hepatotoxicity
hypo/hyperthyroidism
grey man syndrome (smurf skin)

(always check the PFTs, LFTs, TFTs)

Front 38

Class 4 agents (2)

MOA

what agent is not used b/c it causes torsades

Back 38

Verapamil Diltiazem

slows conduction through AV node

bepridil

Front 39

Nmae two other agents imp in digoxin toxicity

Back 39

K
Mg

Front 40

MOA of cardiac glycosides (digoxin)

use (2)

Back 40

inhibit Na-K ATPase, increses intracellular Na, slows Na-Ca exchanger, thus increases intracellular ca

CHF
atrial fibrillation

Front 41

SE of cardiac glycosides (4)

what increases these se (3)

Back 41

nausea vomiting blue-yellow vision (van Gogh)
life threatening arrhythmias

renal failure
hypokalemia
quinidine

Front 42

antidote for digoxin (4)

Back 42

K
lidocaine
cardiac pacer
anti-dig Fab fragments

Front 43

Drugs that increase digoxin toxicity

Back 43

verapamil
quinidine
thiazides
K wasting diuretics

Front 44

Name 3 classes of drugs used to treat angina

Back 44

organic nitrates
Ca channel blockers
B blockers

Front 45

Nitroglycerin MOA

SE

Back 45

increses NO

Monday disease (headache, tachycardia, dizziness)

Front 46

Niacin MOA

Lipids?

SE?

Back 46

decrease VLDL synthesis

decreases LDL, TG
increases HDL (the best at this)

red flushed face

Front 47

Gemfibrozil and Clofibrate MOA
(fibric acid derivatives)
Lipids?

SE?

Back 47

inhibit lipoprotein lipase

same as niacin but major decrease in TGs

LFTs and myositis

Front 48

Cholestyramine and colestipol MOA

Lipids?

SE?

Back 48

bind bile acids

decreases LDL

bad taste and GI discomfort

Front 49

Statins MOA

Lipids?

SE?

Back 49

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors

same as niacin but major effect on LDL

rhabdomyosarcoma