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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What constitutes a depressed Ejection fraction?
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<40%
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What are some etiologies of Heart Failure when there is a preserved Ejection Fraction?
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pathologic hypertrophy, aging, restrictive cardiomyopathy, fibrosis, endomyocardial disorders
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What would cause high output heart failure?
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metabolic - thyrotoxicosis
Excessive blood flow requirements - systemic arterio-venous shunting, chronic anemia |
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What are the symptoms of heart failure?
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Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea, Cheyne-stokes respirations, Acute pulmonary edema
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What are cheyne-stokes respirations
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periodic or cyclic respirations. fast respirations followed by periods of apnea
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What are some physical exam findings of heart failure
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Patient has to sit upright
Rapid or shallow respirations Arrhythmias JVD Pulmonary rales or crackles Decreased breath sounds Displaced PMI s3 and s4 heart sounds Murmurs - MR, TR common Hepatomegaly, Ascites, liver tenderness Peripheral edema - symmetric Cardiac Cachexia |
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What does an S4 heart sound mean in terms of HF
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diastolic dysfunction
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What does an S3 sound mean in terms of HF
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protodiastolic gallop, seen with volume overload
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What is the main biomarker for heart failure
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BNP
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When can an ekg be deceiving in heart failure
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It can appear normal, but patient may have a balanced coronary artery disease
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What is the voltage criteria for LVH?
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AVL lead > 11 mm
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What is the x-ray definition of cardiomegaly?
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diameter of the heart is more than half the diameter of the chest
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What will you see on an X-ray of a patient with Heart Failure?
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Cephalization, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, prominent hilar vasculature
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What qualifies someone for Cardiac Resynchronization therapy
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1. EF <35%
2. QRS > 120 ms 3. Remain symptomatic (already on optimal meds) |
