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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleous |
Where DNA is stored |
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Smooth ER |
-No ribosomes -Synthesizes lipids -Metabolizes carbohydrates -Stores Calcium -Detoxifies poison (ex. Body building a tolerance for a drug) |
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Rough ER |
-Ribosomes attached. -Modifies (completes) proteins and produces membranes (transported by transport vesicles) |
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Golgi Apparatus |
-Receives transport vesicles from rough ER -Further modifies proteins -Manufactures polysaccharides -Vesicles are shipped (ex. to plasma membrane, organelles, for secretion) *THINK WALMART - |
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Lysosomes |
-Membrane sac of hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes -Can digest all macromolecules (lipids, proteins, carbs, nucleic acids) -Defective lysosome disease called Tay Sachs. Lysosomal storage disease, cant digest lipids -Phagocytosis (Cell eats foreign particle) initiates intracellular digestion -Autophagy (Self eating) lysosomes breaking down damaged oraganelles (Recycled) |
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Valcuoles (membrane bound sac) |
-Food valcuoles: formed by phagocytosis -Centractile vacuoles: pump excess water out of protist cells (singular cells organism ex. Paramecium |
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Central vacuoles (Plant cell) |
-Found in plant cells -hold water and inportant organic compounds -May contain poison or dye (give plants color) -Enlarges as plant cell ages -Cellulose and central vacuole give plant stability like animals have skeletal |
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Mitochondria |
-Sites of cellular respiration where ATP is produced -Abonormal functioning may cause Mitochondrial Disease -Smooth outer membrane, inner membrane folded into cristae |
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Chloroplast
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-Site of photosynthesis where sugar is produced -Found in leaves and other green organs \ -Thylakoids (green coin-looking things) -Stroma: between thylakoid and inner membrane, semi-fluid substance |
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Peroxisomes |
-Contain degrading enzymes -Breaks down fatty acids, breaking down toxins (alcohol) -Produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product and convert it to water |
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Cytoskeleton |
-Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm -Functions: Support, movement, regulation Three types: -Microtubles -Microfilaments -Intermediate filaments |
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Centrosomes (Microtuble) |
-Microtuble organizing center -Involved in cell division |
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Cilia and Flagella (microtubles) |
-Locomotive appendages of some cells (help movement) -Contain microtubles |
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Tubulin (microtubles) |
Proteins that make up microtubles |
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Dynein arm |
Motor protein -Hold doublets together |
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Microfilaments |
-Found in Microvilli (extensions of plasma membrane in intestinal cells) -Build from the protein actin -Muscle cell: Actin/Micro filament and Myosin (motor protein) filament are involved |
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Amoeboid (ameba) (Microfilaments) |
-Involves the contraction of actine and myosin filaments -extending pseudopodium: sends |
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Intermediate filaments |
-Supports cell shape -Fix organelles in place |
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Animal Cells |
-Do NOT have cell walls -Are covered by an Extracellular Matrix (ECM) its made up of glycoproteins and proteoglycans which are both molecules consisted of protein and sugar |
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Plant |
Have cell walls that are made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccarides and proteins |
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ECM |
-Support the Cell -Adhesion (helps cells stick togehter) -Movement (think fetus' brain) -Regulation (functions of the cell) |
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Plasmodesmata (intercellular junctions) Plant Cells |
-Channels that connect adjacent plant cells -Little tunnels that allow substances to pass from one plant cell to another |
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Tight junctions, Desmosomes and Gap Junctions (intercellular junctions) Animal Cells |
Functions -Tight junctions: make a seal between cells -Desmosomes: Fasteners that hold cells together -Gap Junctions: Form tunnels between adjacent cells (like plasmodesmata for plant cells) |
