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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ethene used to make |
Plastics, ethanol, ethanal |
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Why are alkenes more reactive? |
Due to the area of high electron density (cc double bond) |
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Why do alkenes have e z isomerism |
The double bond has restricted rotation |
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What are polymers commonly known as |
Plastics |
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What is the name of the reaction used to cover ethene to polyethene |
Addition polymerisation |
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What makes PVC more flexible |
Plasticiser |
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What is HDPE used for |
Kitchenware |
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What is LDPE used for |
Plastic bags |
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What is required to produce HDPE for ethene |
A catalyst |
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What is PVC used for |
Door and window frames |
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What is polystyrene used for |
Insulation and packaging |
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Why do polymers usually have high melting points |
Lots of VDW attractions between long chains |
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Why do branched polymers have lower melting points |
Less VDW attractions |
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What is an electrophile |
An electron pair acceptor |
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What is the symbol for a generic electrophile |
E+ |
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Why can neutral molecules act as electrophile |
High electron density in alkenes polarises the neutral molecule |
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What is an addition reaction |
When two molecules react together to form one product |
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What is a carbocation |
A species that contains a positive charge on a carbon atom |
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What is herolytic fission |
When a covalent bond breaks and both electrons move to one of the atoms |
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What is produced if herolytic fission |
Oppositely charged ions |
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What governs the product in the electrophillic addition of an unsymetrical alkene? |
Carbocation stability |
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Why type of carbocation is most stable |
Tertiary |
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What sort of effect do alkyl groups have on carbocations |
Alkyl groups are electron donating and stabilise the carbocation |
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What is the product formed in greatest yield called |
Major product |
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What is the electron donating effect called |
Positive inductive effect |
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How is the electron donating effect represented |
I+ |
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What is the addition of water to ethene called |
Hydration |
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What are the conditions for the hydration of ethene |
Concentrated phosphoric acid on a silica support, 60atm, 600k |
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How else can ethanol be ,mads |
Fermentation of glucose |
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Give two advantages of hydration |
Higher atom economy, purer product |
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Given two advantantages of fermentation |
Lower temperature and pressure, sustainable resource |
