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43 Cards in this Set
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the branch of science which deals with the transformation of energy from one form to another, and the movement of energy from one location to another. |
Thermodynamics |
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Forms of Energy
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Stored Energy - Potential Energy - Kinetic Energy - Internal Energy - Flow work
Transition Energy - Heat - Mechanical Work |
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stored within the body which goes or dependent upon the flow of mass |
Stored Energy |
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energies in transit (on the move) which are not dependent upon the flow of the mass |
Transition Energy |
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A region in space that occupies a given volume, has a specific boundary and contains a thermodynamic substance. |
Thermodynamic System |
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Types of Thermodynamic Systems |
Open system Closed system Isolated system |
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independent of the mass of the substance |
Intensive property |
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dependent on the magnitude of the mass of the substance |
Extensive property |
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the normal force exerted by the fluid per unit area of the surface |
Pressure |
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used to indicate the amount of energy within the molecules of a substance; hotness or coldness |
Temperature |
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Arbitrary scale, t: |
Farenheit (ºF) Centigrade or Celsius (ºC) |
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Absolute scale, T: |
Rankine (ºR) = ºF + 460 Kelvin (K) = ºC + 273.15 |
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the energy crossing a system’s boundary because of a temperature difference between the system and the surroundings |
Heat |
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the energy crossing a system’s boundary because of a temperature difference between the system and the surroundings |
Heat |
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related to changes in temperature of a gas or object with no change in phase |
Sensible heat |
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is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and solids without change in temperature. |
Latent heat |
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is a clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O) |
Water |
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Phases of water |
Solid (ice) Liquid (water) Gas (steam) |
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If the temperature of the given quantity of a gas is held constant, the volume of gas varies inversely with absolute pressure during the change of state |
Boyle’s Law |
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If the pressure of the given quantity of a gas is held constant, the volume of gas varies directly with absolute temperature during the change of state |
Charles’ Law (Gay-Lussac) |
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is one when a substance undergoes a change of state, it can return back to its original state |
Reversible process (ideal) |
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is one when a substance undergoes a change of state, it can no longer return to its original state due to: |
Irreversible process (actual) |
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is the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, air movement and quality of air in a space. |
Air-conditioning |
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science that deals with the study of air as affected by its moisture or water vapor content |
Psychrometry |
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is a binary mixture of dry air and water vapor. |
Moist air |
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is the non-condensing components of the mixture, mainly the nitrogen and oxygen. |
Dry-air |
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is the condensable component of the mixture, the water vapor or steam which may exist in a saturated or superheated state |
Vapor |
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means that the vapor in the air is saturated |
Saturated air |
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is air containing superheated vapor. |
Unsaturated air |
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temperature of the air measured by the ordinary thermometer in a place sheltered from direct solar radiation |
Dry-bulb temperature, td |
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Atmospheric temperature of the air |
Dry-bulb temperature, td |
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temperature at which condensation of the vapour begins resulting in formation of liquid droplets or dew when the mixture is cooled |
Wet-bulb temperature, tw |
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the temperature read by a thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth over which air is passed |
Dew-point temperature, tdp |
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saturation temperature of the moisture present in the sample of air |
Dew-point temperature, tdp |
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–the ratio of mass of vapour to the mass of dry air –also called as absolute humidity or specific humidity |
Humidity ratio, ⍵ |
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–it is defined as the ratio of partial pressure of water vapour in a mixture to the saturation pressure of water at dry bulb temperature |
Relative Humidity, ⌀ or RH |
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The total enthalpy (an extensive property) of atmospheric air is the sum of the enthalpies of dry air and and the water vapor |
Specific Enthalpy, h |
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A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout is called ______. |
pure substance |
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Heat tranfer, mass trasfer |
Open system |
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Heat transfer, no mass transfer |
Closed system |
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No heat transfer, no mass tranfer |
Isolated system |
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Types of pressure |
* Patm * Pabs * Pgage * Pvacuum |
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An equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature (PVT), or internal energy. |
General Gas Law Equation (Equation of State): |
