Bryan - Animal Behavior - Winter 3Rd Year

Front 1

What are the clinical signs of behavioral issues in dogs?

Back 1

Barking, aggression, destruction

Front 2

Which diagnosis identifies the underlying emotional state driving a behavior expression?

Back 2

Motivational diagnosis

Front 3

T or F:
Most owners cannot reliably distinguish aggression from play behavior.

Back 3

False!

Front 4

T or F:
Most owners do not consider a bite as a possible outcome in a fear aggressive dog.

Back 4

True!

Front 5

What is the #1 behavioral issue in cats?

Back 5

Feline house soiling

Front 6

What are the 3 motivations for feline house soiling?

Back 6

"Medical, Toileting, Marking"

Front 7

Medical motivations for feline house soiling in a young cat include…

Back 7

…uroliths and anatomical abnormalities

Front 8

Medical motivations for feline house soiling in a 1-7 yo cat include…

Back 8

Uroliths, idiopathic cystitis

Front 9

Medical motivations for feline house soiling in an older cat include…

Back 9

"UTI, Renal failure, metabolic diseases"

Front 10

Which diagnostic test is commonly NOT indicated in a 1-7 yo cat with inappropriate urination?
Which tests are done?

Back 10

CBC/Chem - often NOT a UTI!!!; instead perform US, rads, and PE

Front 11

Is urination on a horizontal surface a marking or toileting issue?

Back 11

Usually toileting but can be marking too!

Front 12

Is inappropriate urination and defecation a marking or toileting issue?

Back 12

Toileting

Front 13

Does the cat that likes to consistently urinate on your nice cushy guitar case have a marking or toileting issue?

Back 13

Toileting

Front 14

T or F:
There is an appreciable difference in volume between marking and toileting.

Back 14

False!

Front 15

Which of the following are important when treating a toileting issue?
a) Large litterbox size
b) # of litterboxes should = number of cats
c) use clumping clay litter
d) place litterbox in an area that is sheltered and protected

Back 15

a) Large litterbox size
c) use clumping clay litter
(note; litterboxes should = # cats +1; place boxes in accessible areas with escape routes)

Front 16

How is marking behavior in cats treated?

Back 16

DEFG (Drugs such as SSRIs, Environment modification, Feliway, Gonadectomy)

Front 17

Which med is best for feline marking behavior treatment?

Back 17

Both SSRIs and TCAs work with 90% efficacy

Front 18

What is an example of SSRIs used in cats? TCAs?

Back 18

SSRI (Fluoxetine)
TCA (Clomipramine)

Front 19

What are the clinical signs of separation anxiety in dogs?

Back 19

Barking, house soiling, destruction (also pacing and depression)

Front 20

Which of the following are risk factors for separation anxiety?
a) single pet owner
b) males>females in household
c) coming from pet stores
d) coming from breeders
e) coming from a shelter

Back 20

a) single pet owner
c) coming from pet stores
e) coming from a shelter
(also females>males in house; social upheaval; living in urban)

Front 21

What is the preferred behavior modification program when treating separation anxiety?

Back 21

BOND (Be positive; Only reward calm behavior; No more drama; Develop dog independence)

Front 22

Which drugs are FDA approved for treating canine separation anxiety?

Back 22

Clomipramine and Fluoxetine

Front 23

Which drugs are used off-label for treating canine separation anxiety?

Back 23

Paroxetine and Amitryptyline

Front 24

Which drug class is most commonly used to treat anxious events?

Back 24

Benzodiazepines

Front 25

T or F:
The dog appeasing pheromone has been shown to be as effective as clomipramine.

Back 25

True!

Front 26

What are the determinants of equine behavior?

Back 26

Nature and nuture

Front 27

How should a horse be approached?

Back 27

From the back diagonal

Front 28

What are signs of horse aggression?

Back 28

Pining back ears
head threat
bite threat
strikng
kicking
hopping

Front 29

What usually causes foal rejection?

Back 29

"Maiden mares (inexperience, pain, fear)"

Front 30

T or F:
Cribbing involves swallowing of air and is linked to colic.

Back 30

False! Very little air goes down esophagus.

Front 31

What are causative links to cribbing?

Back 31

"Genetics, management/handling, feeding concentrates, confinement"

Front 32

Which of the following are effects of cribbing?
a) damage
b) colic
c) tooth wear
d) choke

Back 32

a) damage
b) colic
c) tooth wear

Front 33

How is cribbing treated?

Back 33

"Reduce concentrates, increase forage and exercies; environmental enrichment"

Front 34

What is the fancy name for wood chewing?

Back 34

Lignophagia

Front 35

Which affects more horses, cribbing or wood chewing?

Back 35

Cribbing (5-20%); wood chewing (1-9%)

Front 36

What is a bad sequel to head bobbing/nodding in horses?

Back 36

Temporohyo-osteopathy

Front 37

"Which trailer is better, straight or slant-load?"

Back 37

Slant load

Front 38

T or F:
Imprinting is often an effective training method for orphan foals.

Back 38

False! Imprinting is bad!

Front 39

"T or F:
A cow facing you, looking at you, and tossing its head is threatening you."

Back 39

False!

Front 40

Where do cows like to scratch themselves?

Back 40

Behind poll or ears; by tail head; above udder

Front 41

T or F:
A cow normally prehends its feed labially.

Back 41

False! They do this lingually!

Front 42

T or F:
Cattle normally walk around while grazing.

Back 42

True!

Front 43

Around how many chews/rumination should be expected in a cow?

Back 43

~50

Front 44

How do you treat a cow that is obsessively biting metal?

Back 44

IV dextrose (has nervous ketosis)

Front 45

Seeing lots of cows "perching" in free stalls may be indicators of what?

Back 45

Lameness or acidosis

Front 46

What is the normal sequence of lying down in a cow?

Back 46

Down on carpi first, then sit back on rump, then drop chest

Front 47

What is the normal sequence of getting up in a cow?

Back 47

Up on carpi first, lunge forward, get hind legs underneath, then up

Front 48

What are 2 differentials for a cow that can only get up to its carpi but no further?

Back 48

Hypocalcemia; not enough room for the lunge before getting up

Front 49

What is a top differential for a cow that can lunge forward but cannot get hind legs positioned underneath it?

Back 49

Nerve paralysis due to calving

Front 50

What is a top differential for a cow that can lunge forward, get back feet up, but remains on its carpi?

Back 50

Front feet hurt!

Front 51

What are differentials for a dog-sitting cow? Which is the top ddx?

Back 51

Painful carpus (#1); breathing issues, hind-end nerve damage

Front 52

What are signs of a threatened cow?

Back 52

No longer facing you, head forward and ears back, face you with head down

Front 53

Which is more likely to paw at the ground, beef or dairy cattle?

Back 53

Beef

Front 54

T or F:
Standing during cattle parturition is normal.

Back 54

False! Laying down is more normal.

Front 55

What are the biggest parts of the calf in parturition?

Back 55

Chest and hips

Front 56

T or F:
Standing during sheep parturition is not uncommon.

Back 56

True! They may move around some

Front 57

T or F:
Aggression is a normal form of behavior in dogs.

Back 57

True!

Front 58

What is the one exception for using drugs to treat normal behavior?

Back 58

Urine marking for cats

Front 59

Which drugs are FDA approved for dog behavioral issues and what do they treat?

Back 59

Reconcile (fluoxetine) separation anxiety
Clomicalm (clomipramine) separation anxiety
Anipryl (selegiline) cognitive dysfunction

Front 60

What should you check before prescribing drug therapy for behavior modification?

Back 60

Baseline CBC/chem/T4
Hepatic function

Front 61

Which benzodiazepines are good for patients with liver disease?
a) diazepam
b) alprazolam
c) lorazepam
d) oxazepam

Back 61

c) lorazepam
d) oxazepam

Front 62

Which benzodiazepines undergo phase II metabolism?
a) diazepam
b) alprazolam
c) lorazepam
d) oxazepam

Back 62

ALL OF THEM (diazepam/alprazolam also undergo phase I)

Front 63

What might you need to do if a pet is on other medications when prescribing a SSRI?

Back 63

DECREASE the other med dose d/t SSRI inhibition of P450 system.

Front 64

What might you need to do if a pet is on other medications when prescribing a TCA?

Back 64

INCREASE the other med dose d/t TCA upregulation of P450 system.

Front 65

Which behavioral drugs should be avoided with a history of seizures?

Back 65

Serotonergic drugs (fluoxetine & etc)

Front 66

Which behavioral drugs should be avoided with a history of cardiac disease?

Back 66

TCAs (clomipramine, amitriptyline)

Front 67

Which of the following are true regarding benzodiazepine use in dogs?
a) short half life of drug and metabolites
b) often used as daily drugs
c) can cause disinhibition of aggression
d) good for impulse aggression treatment
e) works by decreasing GABA

Back 67

a) short half life of drug and metabolites
c) can cause disinhibition of aggression
(note - usually an event drug; SSRIs for impulse aggression; works by INCREASING GABA)

Front 68

What are some important issues with benzodiazepines?

Back 68

Human abuse potential
Can cause disinhibition of aggression
Can cause paradoxical excitation/agitation

Front 69

Which drug classes impact norepinephrine levels?

Back 69

Alpha-2 adrenergic (reduce NE)
TCAs (increase NE)
MAOI (increases NE)

Front 70

What is the precursor to serotonin? What effect does increasing this precursor via diet?

Back 70

Tryptophan
No effect through diet increase

Front 71

Which are true regarding SSRIs?
a) good for anxiety disorders
b) good for impulse aggression
c) increases the release of serotonin
d) can be a daily or event drug
e) fatal cardiotoxicity in overdoses

Back 71

a) good for anxiety disorders
b) good for impulse aggression
(note - they prevent serotonin reuptake; they are daily; cardiotoxicity in TCA)

Front 72

Which TCA is probably the best to use?

Back 72

Clomipramine

Front 73

When should you NOT EVER use a SSRI?

Back 73

When there is a MAOI being given

Front 74

What is unique about trazodone?

Back 74

its a SARI (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor); can be used daily or as an event drug

Front 75

Which SSRI also has anticholinergic activities?

Back 75

Paroxetine

Front 76

Which MAOI is approved for use in dogs for behavior issues? What other MAOI might be used for non-behavior issues?

Back 76

Anipryl (Selegiline) for cognitive dysfunction;
Amitraz for demodex

Front 77

What is the exception to the 5-step formula for behavior treatment?

Back 77

Elimination problems

Front 78

What are the 5 steps to behavior treatment?

Back 78

ID and avoid triggers
Foundation exercises
Products
Behavioral modification
Drug therapy

Front 79

What are the 4 basic commands for dogs to learn?

Back 79

Sit/stay
Watch me
U-turn
Go-to spot

Front 80

What are the pheromone products that have tested efficacious for cats and dogs?

Back 80

Dogs (DAP - dog appeasing pheromone - Adaptil)
Cats (Facial pheromone - Feliway)

Front 81

Which are appropriate ways to desensitize?
a) negative reinforcement
b) flooding
c) gradient exposure
d) counterconditioning

Back 81

c) gradient exposure
d) counterconditioning

Front 82

T or F:
Most inappropriate aggression is often unpredictable and without warning.

Back 82

False! There are nearly ALWAYS warning signs!

Front 83

Who has more serotonin, aggressive animals or dominant animals (or both)?

Back 83

Dominant animals!
Aggressive animals have LESS serotonin!

Front 84

T or F:
Most aggressive dogs have a concurrent anxiety disorder.

Back 84

True!

Front 85

Which would you rather see come at you with its tail held high, a cat or dog?

Back 85

Cat!
This is an indication of an aggressive dog!

Front 86

What are the 2 main things that owners do to cause aggression?

Back 86

Alpha roll
Yell NO

Front 87

What is the biggest driver in cat social interactions?

Back 87

Degree of relatedness

Front 88

What are signs of aggression in cats?

Back 88

Tail flick
Ears back
Pupils dilated

Front 89

What are the primary triggers to redirected aggression in cats? Which is #1?

Back 89

Loud noises (#1)
Sight of other cats

Front 90

Which dogs are overrepresented in interdog aggression?

Back 90

Herding/nonsporting females

Front 91

Which are not appropriate responses with two dogs in a dominance struggle?
a) remove triggers such as food, toys, and treats
b) owner intervention with any altercation
c) reinforcing owner leadership (eg: sit/stay, watch me commands)
d) providing pharmaceutical management to one or both dogs

Back 91

b) owner intervention with any altercation
d) providing pharmaceutical management to one or both dogs

Front 92

When do compulsive disorders commonly manifest?

Back 92

Social maturity (12-36 mos for dogs; 24-48 mos for cats)

Front 93

Which of the following is the biggest contributing factor to compulsive disorders?
a) social upheaval
b) shelter/humane societies
c) show breeders
d) backyard breeders

Back 93

c) show breeders

Front 94

What are signs of canine cognitive dysfunction?

Back 94

DISH
DISORIENTATION or confusion
INTERACTION changes
SLEEP or activity changes
HOUSETRAINING forgotten