Brs Gross Anatomy 5Th Ed-Clinical Correlations Ch2

Front 1

Fracture of the Clavicle
-Mechanism
-Location
-Complications

Back 1

Mechanism: fall on outstretched arm or shoulder; breech presentation delivery
Location: Junction of middle and lateral thirds (weakest point)
Complications: injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus causing parathesia in the area supplied by C8-T1; fatal hemorrhage (subclavian vein--thrombosis may lead to pulmonary embolism)

Front 2

Calcification of Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament
-Complications

Back 2

Complication: compression of suprascalpular nerve affecting function of supraspinatus and infraspinatur muscles

Front 3

Fracture Greater tuberosity
-Mechanism
-Significance

Back 3

Mechanism: direct trauma/violent contractions of supraspinatus muscle
Significance: Site of attachment of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles--tendons form the rotator cuff

Front 4

Fracture of the Lesser tuberosity
-Mechanism
-Significance

Back 4

Mechanism: posterior dislocation of shoulder joint
Significance: location of insertion of subscapularis tendon, also part of rotator cuff

Front 5

Fracture of Surgical neck (of humerus)
Complications

Back 5

Complications: possible injury to radial nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery as they pass through quadrangular space

Front 6

Fracture of Humeral Shaft
-Complications

Back 6

Complication: possible injury to radial nerve and deep brachial artey in spinal groove

Front 7

Fracture of medical epicondyle (of humerus)
-Complications

Back 7

Complications: may damage ulnar nerve, causing numbness

Front 8

Supracondylar Fractures
-Typical Patient and mechanism
-Complication

Back 8

Typical patient and mechanism: young child falls on outstretched arm with a partially flexed elbow
Complication: may injure median nerve

Front 9

Colles Fracture
Description

Back 9

Description: fracture of radius resulting in the displacement of distal end of radius posteriorly, producing the silver fork deformity
*anterior displacement = reverse Colles' fracture/Smith's fracture

Front 10

Fracture of Scaphoid
-Mechanism
-Complications

Back 10

Mechanism: fall on outstretched hand
Complications: possible damage to radial artery, causing avascular necrosis of bone and degenerative joint disease

Front 11

Fracture of Hamate
-Complications

Back 11

Complications: injury to ulnar nerve and artery due to proximity to hamate--may be compressed in Guyon's canal (pisohamte ligament, hook of hamate and pisiform)

Front 12

Bennett's Fracture
-Description
-experienced boxers vs inexperienced boxers

Back 12

Description: fracture at base of metacarpals
-experienced boxers=2nd and 3rd metacarpals
-inexperienced boxers=5th metacarpal

Front 13

Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint
-Mechanism
-Also known as:
-Ruptured ligament?

Back 13

Mechanism: fall on shoulder with impact on acromion or fall on outstretched arm
Also known as: shoulder separation due to rupture of coracoclavicular ligament

Front 14

Inferior dislocation of Humerus
-Complications

Back 14

-common because joint is not reinforced inferiorly
Complications: possible injury to axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex vessels

Front 15

Referred Pain to shoulder

Back 15

Phrenic nerves nerves of diaphragm have same origin as supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)