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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mind-Body Problem
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What is the relationship between the body and behavior to the mind?
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Dualism
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There are 2 separate entities (soul and body) that interact.
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Monoism
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Reductionist view that only 1 entity exists; everything is physical and there is no afterlife
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Physiological Psychology
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Science that relies on reduction (simple explanations) and generalization (creation of general law); materialistic; draws on Darwin's theory
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What are some arguments FOR animal research?
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Interesting for its own sake.
Good models of humans. Some experiments cannot be done with humans. Most understanding of human disease, disorder, and drug treatment come from research with animals. |
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In which hemisphere is the speech center located?
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Left
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What are some arguments AGAINST animal research?
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We don't know about animals' consciousness.
They may NOT be a good model. Assumes humans are at the top of the animal hierarchy. |
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What do neurons have in common with other cells in the body?
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Soma
Nucleus w/DNA Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cell membrane Microtubules |
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus and endoplastic reticulum?
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It takes instructions from DNA and recombines the individual amino acids into proteins that carry out the functions of the neuron (protein synthesis)
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What is the main function of mitochondria?
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They make Adenosine Tri-Phosphate, a major energy source for the cell.
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What is the structure of the cell membrane?
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Bi-lipid layer with proteins loosely anchored to the cell wall.
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What is different about neurons from other cells?
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They don't divide.
They specialize in information processing. Axoplasmic transport Myelin coating (sheath) around some axons |
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How do neurons compensate for not dividing?
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Continual process of repair and remodeling
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What provides the skeleton of the cell?
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Microtubules and neurofilaments
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What is axoplasmic transport?
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The system of movement from soma to axon terminal and vice versa
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What makes the myelin sheath in the CNS?
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Oligodendrocytes
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What makes the myelin sheath in the PNS?
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Schwann cells
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What are the nodes of Ranvier?
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Areas of low electrical resistance; gap in the myelin sheath
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What is the function of glia?
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Provide structural support for neurons; take care of damaged tissues
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What are the 3 types of glia and their functions?
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Oligodendrocytes - myelin sheath
Astrocytes - form blood-brain barrier and regulate entrance of molecules Microglia - phagocytosis; engulf damaged tissue and invading organisms and release it into the bloodstream |
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Do neurons communicate with each other chemically or electrically?
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Chemically
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Do neurons function chemically or electrically?
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Electrically (and biochemically)
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What are cations and anions?
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Cations - positively charged ions
Anions - negatively charged ions |
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What is membrane potential?
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The charge that results from the inside/outside difference in ion charges
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What forces caused ions to move through ion channels?
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Diffusion - high concentration to low
Electrostatic pressure - opposite charges attract, like charges repel |
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Movement of ions through ion channels results in a change of ________.
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membrane potential
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When an ion channel opens at the _____________, it triggers the ion channels all along the axon to open.
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axon hillock
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When _____________ are great enough, threshold is reached.
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depolarizations
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When does threshold occur?
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When enough of the ion channels are opened that action potential is realized.
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What triggers the movement of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane?
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Entry of calcium ions
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