Bot Lab Exam 1

Front 1

What kind of light is found in dissecting scopes?

Back 1

Incident light

Hint 1

Transmitted vs Incident light

Front 2

Transmitted Light

Back 2

Shines through an organism

Hint 2

Compound Scope

Front 3

Incident Light

Back 3

Light shining down on an object

Hint 3

Dissecting Scope

Front 4

What is the magnification range of a Dissecting Scope?

Back 4

.7-3

Hint 4

Found on the base

Front 5

How is light intensity adjusted on a Dissecting scope?

Back 5

Adjusting the transformer on the base of the light unit

Hint 5

Magnification Range x 10

Front 6

What is the range of the total zoom for a Dissecting Scope?

Back 6

7-30

Hint 6

Both Beneath stage

Front 7

Differentiate between the condenser & Iris diaphragm on a compound Scope

Back 7

Condenser=lens beneath stage

Iris Diaphragm=light adjustment beneath stage

Hint 7

Both Beneath stage

Front 8

How is an epidermal peel of Red Onion prepared?

Back 8

Wet mount w/ red solution set aside 5-10 mins

Hint 8

Stain?

Front 9

In a Red onion Epidermal Peel, how could you tell the difference between the vacuole & cytoplasm?

Back 9

Cytoplasm is stained darker & surrounds the vacuole. Vacuole is most of the empty space within cell

Front 10

What are nucleoli for?

Back 10

Ribosome synthesis

Front 11

What is the protoplast?

Back 11

It's everything contained inside cell wall

Hint 11

Collective term

Front 12

What is the fxn of cytoplasmic streaming?

Back 12

Distribution of nutrients

Hint 12

Example: Chloroplasts moving in Elodea Slide

Front 13

Why are Chloroplasts green & what is their primary fxn?

Back 13

They're color is due to chlorophyll & their primary fxn is photosynthesis

Front 14

Name the 3 types of Plastids

Back 14

Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts & Leucoplasts

Hint 14

3 colors

Front 15

What are Plasmodesmata & what is their fxn?

Back 15

Cytoplasmic connections that connect neighboring cells through pores in cell wall, allow for cell communication

Hint 15

Connect

Front 16

How should a potato slide be prepared?

Back 16

Thin scraping of flesh stained with Potassium Iodide

Hint 16

Stain?

Front 17

How should a potato slide be prepared?

Back 17

Thin scraping of flesh stained with Potassium Iodide

Hint 17

Stain?

Front 18

What does Potassium Iodide React with in Potatoes?

Back 18

the starch to produce a blue-black color

Front 19

What is visible in the potato slide?

Back 19

Cell wall & lots of blue/black LEUCOPLASTS

Hint 19

Plastid?

Front 20

What are Chromoplasts found in (in lab) a and how can you identify them?

Back 20

in tomato & they're orange/red organelles

Hint 20

Color

Front 21

What is the fxn of Chromoplasts in nature tomatoes?

Back 21

Indicating ripeness

Hint 21

Seed dispensers

Front 22

Stage of Mitosis that separates sister chromatids

Back 22

Anaphase

Hint 22

I-PMAT

Front 23

Stage of Mitosis that separates sister chromatids

Back 23

Anaphase

Hint 23

I-PMAT

Front 24

Stage of Mitosis in which cell plate begins to form

Back 24

Telophase

Hint 24

I-PMAT

Front 25

Stage of Mitosis that separates sister chromatids

Back 25

Anaphase

Hint 25

I-PMAT

Front 26

Stage of Mitosis in which cell plate begins to form

Back 26

Telophase

Hint 26

I-PMAT

Front 27

Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes line up on Equatorial plane

Back 27

Metaphase

Front 28

Fxns of Mitosis

Back 28

Cell division for growth, cell repair/replacement, & asexual reproduction

Front 29

Primary growth

Back 29

Elongation of roots or stems

Hint 29

Up

Front 30

Primary growth

Back 30

Elongation of roots or stems

Hint 30

Up

Front 31

Secondary Growth

Back 31

Increase in thickness of plant parts

Hint 31

Girth

Front 32

Interphase

Back 32

Includes G1 S & G2, most of cells life spent in this stage

Front 33

Interphase

Back 33

Includes G1 S & G2, most of cells life spent in this stage

Front 34

In what stage does the cell duplicate its DNA?

Back 34

Interphase

Hint 34

In prep for cell division

Front 35

2 stages of cell division

Back 35

Mitosis & cytokinesis

Front 36

2 stages of cell division

Back 36

Mitosis & cytokinesis

Front 37

What happens during mitosis?

Back 37

Nucleus divides

Front 38

2 stages of cell division

Back 38

Mitosis & cytokinesis

Front 39

What happens during mitosis?

Back 39

Nucleus divides

Front 40

Happens during Cytokinesis

Back 40

Division of cytoplasm

Hint 40

Cyto

Front 41

Prophase

Back 41

Nuclear envelope breaks down & Dna condenses

Hint 41

1st stage

Front 42

Centromere

Back 42

Connect sister chromatids

Front 43

Centromere

Back 43

Connect sister chromatids

Front 44

What spindle fibers are made of

Back 44

Micro tubules

Front 45

Stage when cell walls & middle lamella form

Back 45

Cytokinesis

Front 46

Stage when cell walls & middle lamella form

Back 46

Cytokinesis

Front 47

Cell plate

Back 47

Developing cell walls & middle lamella

Hint 47

Cytokinesis

Front 48

Root cap fxn

Back 48

Protects RAM & Soil penetration

Front 49

RAM produces what 3 primary meristems

Back 49

Procambium, protoderm, ground meristem

Front 50

Indication of region of maturation

Back 50

Root hairs

Front 51

3 Regions

Back 51

Cell division, elongation, maturation

Front 52

3 Regions

Back 52

Cell division, elongation, maturation

Front 53

Osmosis

Back 53

How cells are stretched to mature size

Front 54

Ground meristem matures into

Back 54

Cortex & Endodermis

Front 55

Surrounds vascular cylinder

Back 55

Endodermis

Front 56

Casparian strip

Back 56

Coating of Suberin & lignin on endodermal cell walls wherever cells touch; impermeable to water

Front 57

Pro cambium matures into

Back 57

Vascular cylinder or Stele

Hint 57

Vascular

Front 58

Vascular cylinder composed of

Back 58

Xylem, Phloem & Pericycle

Front 59

Fxn of Vascular Cylinder

Back 59

H2O conduction, Sugar Conduction & maintain Structure

Hint 59

Individual Fxns of components

Front 60

Endodermis fxn

Back 60

Barrier between vascular & ground tissue & regulates substances entering/leaving vascular cylinder

Front 61

How Eudicot & Monocot ROOTS differ

Back 61

Pith in middle of Monocot & vascular bundles found in Monocot; X found in Eudicot

Front 62

Lateral Roots grow [Endogenously]

Back 62

To grow from inside out

Front 63

Lateral root Primordia Appear

Back 63

Like swellings of reddish cells

Front 64

Why are lateral roots considered part of the primary plant body?

Back 64

They arise from primary plant tissues

Hint 64

Origin

Front 65

2 Secondary Meristems

Back 65

Vascular Cambium & Cork Cambium

Front 66

Where Vascular cambium originates

Back 66

Residual Procambium & pericycle

Front 67

Cork cambium originates

Back 67

Pericycle

Front 68

Periderm

Back 68

Cork, cork cambium & phelloderm

Hint 68

Collective term

Front 69

Sloughs off during 2ndry Growth

Back 69

Cortex, endodermis & epidermis

Front 70

Difference between Vascular Cambium & Cylinder?

Back 70

Vascular cambium is present in 2nd growth, meristematic & separates X & P; Cylinder contains phloem xylem & pericycle

Front 71

Identification of Vascular Cambium

Back 71

Between Xylem & phloem

Front 72

Adventitious

Back 72

Originated from the stem

Front 73

Distinguish specialized roots from modified shoots

Back 73

Prescence of root cap, no leaves

Front 74

Distinguish specialized roots from modified shoots

Back 74

Prescence of root cap, no leaves

Front 75

Fibrous root system identification

Back 75

Thin branching roots

Front 76

Taproot System

Back 76

Deep-rooted; primary root present w/ smaller roots branching off; found in dicots

Front 77

Example of a storage root

Back 77

Carrot

Front 78

2 main root types

Back 78

Taproot & fibrous root

Front 79

Vascular bundles in a Monocot are

Back 79

Closed

Front 80

Is pith evident in Monocot stem

Back 80

No

Front 81

Is pith evident in Monocot stem

Back 81

No

Front 82

Cell type in bundle sheath in Monocot stem

Back 82

Schlerenchyma cells for support

Front 83

Is pith evident in Monocot stem

Back 83

No

Front 84

Cell type in bundle sheath in Monocot stem

Back 84

Schlerenchyma cells for support

Front 85

Eudicot stem preparation

Back 85

Stain with phloroglucinol

Front 86

Is pith evident in Monocot stem

Back 86

No

Front 87

Cell type in bundle sheath in Monocot stem

Back 87

Schlerenchyma cells for support

Front 88

Eudicot stem preparation

Back 88

Stain with phloroglucinol

Front 89

Type of vascular bundles in Eudicots

Back 89

Open

Front 90

Cell type in xylem

Back 90

Tracheary elements (Sclerenchyma) Parenchyma & Finers (Schlerebchyma)

Front 91

Conductive cells of phloem?

Back 91

Sieve tube elements

Front 92

Conductive cells of phloem?

Back 92

Sieve tube elements

Front 93

Identification of sieve tube elements (phloem)

Back 93

Sieve plate, slime plug & companion cell

Front 94

Conductive cells of xylem?

Back 94

Tracheary elements

Front 95

Types of specialized Schlerenchyma

Back 95

Fibers, sclereids, tracheids, vessel elements

Hint 95

4

Front 96

Distinguishing feature of vessel elements

Back 96

Perforation plate

Front 97

Appearance d of sclereids

Back 97

Short, donut, simple pits

Front 98

Fasicular

Back 98

Residual Procambium between xylem & phloem in vascular bundles

Front 99

Fasicular

Back 99

Residual Procambium between xylem & phloem in vascular bundles

Front 100

Interfasicular

Back 100

Between vascular bundles

Front 101

Pith Ray differentiates into

Back 101

Secondary X & P

Front 102

Vascular rays includes

Back 102

Xylem & phloem rays

Front 103

Are cork cells dead or alive

Back 103

Dead

Front 104

Middle of Eudicot leaf composed of

Back 104

Chlorenchyma cells called Mesopotamia

Front 105

Middle of Eudicot leaf composed of

Back 105

Chlorenchyma cells called Mesopotamia

Front 106

Palisade layer

Back 106

Elongated portion of Eudicot leaf mesophyll

Front 107

Middle of Eudicot leaf composed of

Back 107

Chlorenchyma cells called Mesopotamia

Front 108

Palisade layer

Back 108

Elongated portion of Eudicot leaf mesophyll

Front 109

Fxn of palisade layer

Back 109

Photosynthesis