Bonus Questions

Front 1

What three reasons do people dress utility sqabs at 28-30 days?

Back 1

feathers are nearly mature and makes them easier to dress; have not begun flying and flesh is soft and tender; and body weight is usually very good

Front 2

Why do you offer mated pigeons two nests?

Back 2

So they hatch in one and begin another brood in the second

Front 3

A pigeons diet is made up of what three things?

Back 3

mixture of whole grains, good hard grit and clean water

Front 4

Name the parts of a pigeon's wing.

Back 4

wrist or wing butt, lesser coverts, middle coverts, 2nd wing bar and 1st wing bar

Front 5

Why should a bath be provided to pigeons at least once weekly?

Back 5

to keep clean, prevent external parasites, maintain good health

Front 6

Name uses of Ratite's wings

Back 6

cooling, balance during running, courtship displays

Front 7

Name the three cassowary species

Back 7

double wattled cassowary, single wattle cassowary, and dwarf cassowary

Front 8

What are the species of Kiwi

Back 8

the little spotted kiwi, the great spotted kiwi and the brown or common kiwi

Front 9

Name four things in an Emu's diet.

Back 9

fruit, flowers, seeds, green vegetation, caterpillars, grasshoppers, beetles

Front 10

Emus are grown commercially for what purposes?

Back 10

meat, feathers, hide and oil

Front 11

Name four things in a Rhea's diet.

Back 11

roots, seeds, insects, lizards and some small mammals

Front 12

What four factors are of major importance in incubating eggs artificially?

Back 12

Temperature, humidity, ventilation and turning

Front 13

What does turning prevent?

Back 13

the blastoderm from migrating through the ablumen and sticking to the shell membrane

Front 14

(Two) Why should you not open or move the incubator after the 18th day?

Back 14

chicks are in a hatching position, maintain desirable humidity

Front 15

Name the three major cell groupings in a developing egg.

Back 15

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

Front 16

Name the four extraembryonic membranes.

Back 16

1. yolk sac, 2. amnion, 3 chorion, and 4 allantois

Front 17

What three functions does candling serve?

Back 17

1. eliminate any cracked eggs from being set, 2. determine which eggs are fertile, 3. observe the growht/development of embryo

Front 18

What four factors are of major importance in incubating eggs artificially?

Back 18

temperature, humidity, ventilation and turning

Front 19

What is the function of the circulatory system

Back 19

transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolites, hormones and nutrients throughout the body and aid in temperature regulation

Front 20

What are the two special types of bones that make up a bird's skeleton

Back 20

pneumatic bones and medullary bones

Front 21

Name the parts of a feather

Back 21

quill, after shaft, fluff, shaft, web vane, barbs, barbule

Front 22

The feather is important for what functions (three)

Back 22

flight, protection and temperature regulation

Front 23

What are the two results from culling birds

Back 23

reduce feed cost and prevent spread of disease

Front 24

Name three attributes of a good layer

Back 24

bright red comb, soft pliable abdomen, large, moist vent, 3 to 5 fingers' spread between pelvic bones

Front 25

Name three attributes of a poor layer

Back 25

dull, shriveled comb, hard, fatty abdomen, small, round, dry vent, 1 to 2 fingers' spread between pelvic bones

Front 26

Name four of the six factors to consider when purchasing chicks

Back 26

size of poultry house, brooding equipment, amount and cost of feed, amount of time you give to the project, whether you can continue project through fall and winter, whether you have a market for eggs and meat.

Front 27

Name five management factors to consider when managing layers.

Back 27

Space, Ventilation, Light, Temperature, Access to feed and water, Roosts and Nests

Front 28

Name three of the six management techniques or factors considered during the pullets growing period?

Back 28

Space, Ventilation, Light, Temperature, Access to feed and water, Roosts and Nests

Front 29

Name three functions of water as a nutrient in a poultry flock?

Back 29

1. softens feed, 2. aids digestion, 3. carrier of waste products, 4. involved in temperature regulation and 5. acts as a lubricant in body tissues

Front 30

Why is the Single Comb White Leghorn most used for egg production?

Back 30

live well, grow fast, and begin laying at 5 to 5 1/2 months of age

Front 31

What are some of the benefits of raising Broiler-type chickens for meat over other meat-type chickens?

Back 31

convert feed efficiently, grow and feather rapidly and are ready to dress at 8-81/2 weeks

Front 32

The Black Sex Links are a cross between what?

Back 32

Rhode Island Red male and a Barred Plymouth Rock female

Front 33

The Red Sex Links are a cross between what?

Back 33

Rhode Island Red male and a White Leghorn female

Front 34

Name three considerations when deciding how many chicks to buy.

Back 34

1. size of the poultry house; 2. equipment needed/on hand; 3. amount and cost of feed; 4. amount of time you have; 5. whether you can continue in the fall and winter; 6. whether you have a market for the meat/eggs

Front 35

Name the purposes of a chicken house.

Back 35

1. protects birds from weather; 2. keeps out rodents, wild birds and large animals

Front 36

Name five factors for raising healthy vigorous birds

Back 36

1. space, 2. draft-free ventilation, 3. light, 4. temperature, 5. easy access to feed and water, 6. roosts, 7. nests

Front 37

Draft-free ventilation is important for what four reasons?

Back 37

1. supplies the birds with oxygen; 2. prevents buildup of carbon dioxide and ammonia 3. regulates temperature; and 4. removes excess moisture

Front 38

Name four factors that can lead to cannibalism or feather picking.

Back 38

1. overcrowding, 2. nutrient deficiencies, 3. poor ventilation, 4. too little drinking and eating space, 5. too much light and 6. appearance of blood on an injured bird

Front 39

What factors should be considered before buying a cockatiel

Back 39

caging, feeding, environment, exercise, escape and hazards, health care

Front 40

What three methods of feed diet can supply the required dietary requirements for an adult non-breeding cockatiel?

Back 40

pelleted diet, seed diet with supplemented seed mix where some seeds are coated with a mix of trace nutrients, add nutrients via water soluble premix twice a week, vary diet by adding fruits and vegetables

Front 41

Name three things a bird cage should not be placed near?

Back 41

south windows, air conditioners, heaters, kitchens away from stoves, ovens, micorowaves, etc., sinks of hot water, vents, open windows and doors and hot lights or electrical equipments such as tvs

Front 42

What are some signs that your pet cockatiel is ill?

Back 42

appears listless, is fluffed up for long periods and/or is not eating its normal amount of feed

Front 43

A breed possesses a set of physical features such as (name three)

Back 43

body shape or type, skin color, carriage or station, number of toes and feathered or non-feathered shanks

Front 44

What are some characteristics which might distinguish one variety from another?

Back 44

comb type, plumage color, presence of a beard and muffs

Front 45

Name three things beaten egg whites are essential for making.

Back 45

souffles, meringues, puffy omlets, angel food cakes, sponge cakes

Front 46

What are blood spots caused by?

Back 46

a rupture of a blood vessel on the yolk surface during formation of the egg or similar incident in the wall of the oviduct

Front 47

What is the purpose of the bloom or cuticle?

Back 47

prevent bacteria from getting inside the shell and to reduce moisture loss from the egg

Front 48

Describe a Grade AA egg.

Back 48

A Grade AA egg will stand up tall. The yolk is firm and the area covered by the white is small. There is a large proportion of thick white to thin white.

Front 49

Describe a Grade A egg.

Back 49

A Grade A egg covers a relatively small area. The yolk is round and upstanding. The thick white is large in proportion to the thin white and stands fairly well around the yolk.

Front 50

Describe a Grade B egg.

Back 50

A Grade B egg spreads out more. The yolk is flattened and there is about as much (or more) thin white as thick white.

Front 51

What causes greenish ring around hard-cooked egg yolks?

Back 51

sulfur and iron compounds in the egg reacting to the surface of the yolk

Front 52

What can cause scrambled eggs to turn green?

Back 52

cooking the eggs at too high a temperature, holding the eggs to long before serving

Front 53

Name two reasons egg products are preferred to shell eggs by commercial bakers, food manufacturers and food service industry?

Back 53

convenience, labor savings, minimal storage requirements, ease of portion control and product quality, stability and uniformity

Front 54

Name two of the four egg products produced for commercial bakers, food manufactureers and food service industry?

Back 54

1. Refrigerated liquid products; 2. Frozen egg products; 3. Dried or dehydrated egg products; 4. Specialty egg products

Front 55

Fatty acids, the basic chemical units of fat come in three forms -

Back 55

saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated

Front 56

What four factors impact eggs freshness?

Back 56

how recently it was laid, temperature at which it is held, the humidity and the handling

Front 57

Name two sources of infection of influenza.

Back 57

migratory waterfowl, imported pet birds and live-bird markets

Front 58

Name the two factors that determine whether avian influenza is subclinical or acute

Back 58

biological characteristics of the virus and environmental stresses

Front 59

Name three environmental stresses that may determine whether Avian Influenza disease will be subclinical or acute

Back 59

temperature, humidity, ventilation, crowding and the age and sex of the bird

Front 60

Name four ways Avian influenza can be transmitted

Back 60

air currents, feces, humans, vehicles, water, feed, equipment, supplies, clothes, flies, litter, beetles and other birds dead from the disease

Front 61

Name the three ways the Avian Influenza virus can be excreted from infected birds

Back 61

through feces, conjunctiva and respiratory tract

Front 62

What is the avian influenza incubation period dependent upon?

Back 62

dose of the virus, route of exposure, the species exposed and the ability to detect the clinical signs

Front 63

Name three common signs of infection with avian influenza

Back 63

pronounced depression, decreased activity, decreased feed consumption and emaciation, decreased egg production and increased broodiness in hens

Front 64

Name three respiratory signs for avian influenza

Back 64

coughing, sneezing, rales (abnormal respiratory sounds), excessive lacrimation (tearing ) from the eyes, huddling or ruffling of feathers, along with edema (accumulation of fluid) of the head and face, cyanosis (turning blue due to lack of oxygen to the tissues) nervfous disorders and diarrhea

Front 65

When does transmission of avian influenza occur?

Back 65

when birds are introduced to contaminated footwear, clothing, vehicles, insemination equipment, feed an dwater that have been exposed to the influenza virus

Front 66

What are two ways to prevent Staphylococcus infection?

Back 66

Hand washing; not leaving food out for more than two hours

Front 67

Name four ways infectious diseases can be transmitted to poultry?

Back 67

"* birds carrying an infectious agent within the flock
* recently acquired birds
* Eggs from infected breeders
* Human hands, hair, feet/shoes or clothes
* Wild birds, rodents, flies, parasites or insects
* contaminated feed, water or air
* contaminated vaccines and medications
* dust, feathers, and manure on equipment and supplies"

Front 68

What increases the risk of infection in bird flocks?

Back 68

"* new birds introduced
* different ages of birds raised together
* different types of fowl raised together
* new birds are placed in contact with dust, feces, etc. of previous flock"

Front 69

Name the four main parts of an egg

Back 69

Albumen, Yolk, Shell and Shell Membrane

Front 70

Name the three membranes found on any egg?

Back 70

Air cell, Outer shell and inner shell

Front 71

Carcasses are graded A, B and C. What factors are they judged on?

Back 71

exposed flesh, broken and disjointed bones and missing parts

Front 72

When candling eggs for interior quality what is not considered?

Back 72

loose, bubbly or out-of-position air cell, exterior stains or dirt, faulty egg shell shape or texture

Front 73

What are the factors when judging ready to cook poultry carcasses?

Back 73

exposed flesh, broken and disjointed bones and missing parts

Front 74

What are two ways to manage disease in a turkey flock?

Back 74

good sanitation and elimination of other birds and animals that may carry disease, dry pen, vaccine, medicated feeds

Front 75

What organization can provide information on marketing and processing birds in your state?

Back 75

the Extension Service or MN Dept. of Agriculture

Front 76

Name three geese breeds recognized for ornamental purposes?

Back 76

Toulouse, African, Sebastopol, American Buff, Saddleback Pomeranian, Chinese, Tufted Roman, Canada, Egyptian