Blood Vessels

Front 1

What is the 3 layers that make up the structure of arteries?

Back 1

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

Front 2

What is two layers of tunica intima? What kind of tissue are they?

Back 2

Endothelium
(Simple squamos)
Subendothelial layer
(Areolar)

Front 3

What is the layer between tunica intima and tunica media?

Back 3

Internal elastic lamina

Front 4

What is the middle layer? What kind of tissue is it?
What is the roll of this muscle layer?

Back 4

Tunica media
Smooth muscle, elastin & collagen fiber
Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation

Front 5

What is the use of elastin and collagen in tunica media?

Back 5

Resist blood pressure heartbeat exerts on the vessel wall.

Front 6

What is between tunica media and tunica externa?

Back 6

External elastic lamina

Front 7

What is the outermost layer?

Back 7

Tunica externa

Front 8

What is the structural difference in arteries and veins? Arteries first.

Back 8

1.Thicker tunica media, narrow lumen

Front 9

What is the structural difference in arteries and veins? Veins

Back 9

2.Overall thinner layers than arteries(collapsable if no blood inside), lacking elastic laminae(internal & external),thick tunica externa, wider lumen, and valves

Front 10

What is the functional difference between arteries and veins?

Back 10

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood to the heart

Front 11

In the absence of pressure to push the blood, what assists blood flow in veins?

Back 11

Valve (dense irregular connective tissue)
& muscle pump, body movement

Front 12

What is the two layers in capillary structure?

Back 12

Basement membrane
Endothelial cells

Front 13

State the characteristic of elastic arteries and where you can find them. Alternative name for it?

Back 13

Largest afteries. Near the heart(aorta and its major branches). When the elastic recoils, it propells the blood forward. Conducting vessels.

Front 14

State the characteristic of muscular artieries, and its alternative name.

Back 14

-Tunica media is thicker relative to the size of the lumen than any other vessels.
-Both Internal and external elastic lamina exist.
-Distributing arteries
-Instead of recoiling, muscle pushes the blood forward.

Front 15

State the structual and functional characteristic of arterioles. Alternative name?

Back 15

-Branches of smallest arteries that Transport blood from arteries to capillaries.
-Under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, constrict and dialate to regulate blood flow.
-Resistance vessels

Front 16

State the structual characteristic of capillaries.

Back 16

8-10 micro meters
A single layer of endothelial cells sorrounded by basement membrane. Very thin & highly permeable.

Front 17

State the functional characteristic of capillaries.

Back 17

Exchange vessels fro nutrient and waster through micro circulation. O2 enters and CO2 leaves in lung. Pick up hormones from endocrine glands. Remove nitrogenous waste from the kidneys.
Cornea, lenz, cartilage have no capillaries.

Front 18

Explain how vasoconstriction is accomplished?

Back 18

Sympathetic division of ANS innervate smooth muscle in the heart to decrease the diameter of the vessels, causing it to contract.
(Elastin & fiber add strength to resist blood pressure.)

Front 19

Explain how vasodialation is accomplished?

Back 19

Parasympathetic nerve signal the smooth muscle in the heart to relax, causing it to dialate.

Front 20

What do you call a network of the body's smallest vesseles.

Back 20

Capillary bed

Front 21

What is a vessel that is structurally intermediate between an arterile and a capillary?

Back 21

Metateriole

Front 22

What is a vessel that is structurally intermediate between an capillary and a venule?

Back 22

Thoroughfare channel

Front 23

What are the structures that wrap around the base of each true capillaries and regulate the flow of blood to tissue?

Back 23

Precapillary sphincters
If cold shut the blood to capillaries and send it straight from metarteriole into the thoroughfare channel and venule. If hot let the blood flow to cool off.

Front 24

What do you call gaps of unjoined membrane around endothelial cells of capillaries?

Back 24

Intercellular cleft

Front 25

Normally endothelial cells are held together by tight junctions and demosomes in capillaries. True False

Back 25

True

Front 26

What do you call the spider shaped cells external to basement membrane of capillaries?

Back 26

Pericyte

Front 27

State the characters of continuous capillaries.

Back 27

Least leaky. Endothelial cells packed together. Small intercellular cleft.

Front 28

State the characters of fenestrated capillaries.

Back 28

Slightly leaky. Have pores(fenestration) spanning the endothelial cells. Small intercellular cleft.

Front 29

Where do you see fenestrated capillaries for an example?

Back 29

Small intestine-receive the digested nutrients.
Kidney
Synovial membranes of joints

Front 30

What do you call the leakest type of capilary?

Back 30

Sinusoids/sinusoidal capillaries

Front 31

State the characteristics of sinusoids. Where do you see them?

Back 31

Leakest. Large fenestration, large intercellular cleft. Incomplete base membrane.
Where there is an extensive exchange of large materials. Bone marrow, spleen. Rare.

Front 32

What are venous valves made of?

Back 32

Venous valves are made of several cups formed from the tunica intima:endothelium & Subendothelial layer

Front 33

How does venous valve work?

Back 33

Contracting skeletal muscles press agains a vein and propel blood toward the hear, forcing valves proximal to the muscle to open and valves distal to close.

Front 34

Define pulmonary circulation.

Back 34

The passage of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and back through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.

Front 35

What do you call the artery branches in the lung? How many branches are there?

Back 35

Lobar arteries
R- three
L- two

Front 36

What do you call the air filled sac in lungs?

Back 36

Alveolus of lung

Front 37

Define systemic circulation

Back 37

Circulation of blood throughout the body through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to various tissues and return venous blood to the right atrium.

Front 38

What is the structure that carry blood to the placenta and pick up oxgen and nutrients? What does it become after the birth?

Back 38

Paired umbilical arteries-
Medial umbilical ligaments

Front 39

What do you call the unpaired structure that returns blood from the placenta to fetus?
What does it become after the birth?

Back 39

Umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres ( it has not function)

Front 40

What is the name of the shunt that divert the blood from the right atrium to left atrium? What does it become after the birth?

Back 40

Foramen ovale
Fossa ovalis

Front 41

What is the structure that divert the blood in the pulmonary artery to the descending aortic artery? What does it become after the birth?

Back 41

Ductus arteriosus
Ligamentum arteriosum

Front 42

What do you call the vein in the fetus that passes through the liver to the inferior vena cava? What does it become after the birth?

Back 42

Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum