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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Karl lansteiner recurve the Nobel prize for? |
He discovered human blood groups. |
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Which blood group systems are the most important to understand for blood transfusions? |
ABO and Rh |
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How was the Rh designation dirived? |
From the use of blood of rhesus monkeys. |
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What is the average blood volume for humans? |
5-6L |
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What type of cells are found in blood? What are the functions of each cell type? |
WBC and RBC. RBC: carry oxygen WBC: identify foreign Invaders/ substances and potentially attack. |
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What is the fluid part of blood called? What is its function? |
Plasma, it carries a variety of nutrients, proteins, blood clotting proteins, and antibodies. |
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What are the eight different blood types? |
O+ O- A+ A- B+ B- AB+ B-AB+AB- AB- |
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How are blood types determined? |
ABO typing, your blood sample is mixed with antibodies against type A and B blood. Then, the sample is checked to see whether or not the blood cells stick together. If blood cells stick together, it means the blood reacted with one of the antibodies. |
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What are antigens? Where are they found? How are they involved in blood type? |
A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body. They are found on the surface of pathogens. Antigens determine what type of blood your body will accept and what type it will attack. |
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What are antibodies? Where are they found? |
They recognize antigens (they're the security of your body) they are found in all your bodies fluid. |
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What antigens and antibodies are found in each of the eight blood types? |
A+ antigens: A & Rh; antibodies: B A- anitgens: A; antibodies: B & Rh B+ antigens: B & Rh; antibodies: A B- antigens: B; antibodies: A & Rh AB+ antigens: A, B, & Rh; antibodies: 0 AB- antigens: A & B; antibodies: Rh O+ antigens: Rh; antibodies: A & B O- antigens: 0; antibodies: A, B, & Rh |
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What do you need to know to make a safe blood transfusion? |
The patient's blood type. |
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What does blood type notation indicate? |
What antigens there are on the surface of the red blood cells. |
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What are the three reagents that a patient's blood must be mixed with to determine blood type? What do these reagents contain? |
A, B, and Rh antibodies. |
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What happens if the reagents and the patient's blood type match? |
You figure out the blood type. |
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What is agglutination? What does agglutination mean when the reagents are mixed with the patient's blood? What does it mean if there is no agglutination? |
Clumping of particles; when a patient's blood agglutinates with a reagent it means that what ever antibodie it was is what group the patient belongs too. If there is no agglutination means that the patient's cells do not have the antibodies antigens. |
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What is a blood transfusion? |
Taking blood from a donor and giving it to someone to replace blood from major accidents, or during life saving operations. |
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Explain what happens if a patient gets the wrong blood in a transfusion. Why can this be fatal? |
The donated blood will clump or agglutinate, clog blood vessels, stop circulation, and the aggluminated blood can crack open and leack toxic substances into the patient. |
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How and why do antibodies cause agglutination? |
Antibodies tasks are to act against foreign substances in the body. To a person with B, A antigens are foreign. B antigens can bind to B antibodies, but B antigens will link to A antibodies and clump like grapes. |
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What determines if a blood transfusion is successful? |
If the blood types are compatible and if the blood does not aggluminate. |
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Can a patient receive blood other than their exact blood type? Explain. |
Yes, because in some instances like Rh- and O the lack of antibodies doesn't mean wrong antibiodies. |
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Using both the ABO system and the Rh system state the blood types that each of the eight blood groups can receive. |
A+ can receive A+, A-, O+, & O- A- can receive A- & O- B+ can receive B+, B-, O+, & O- B- can receive B- & O- AB+ can receive AB+, AB-, A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, & O- AB- can receive AB-, A-, B-, & O- O+ can receive O- & O+ O- can receive O- |
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What blood type is used in an emergency when there is no type of blood typing? Explain why this type of blood can be used. What is the name given to people with this type of blood? |
O-, people with O- are called universal donors. O- is used because it has no A, B, or Rh antibodies. |
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What blood type is given the name universal receiver? |
AB+ |
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What age must you be in order to donate blood? |
17+ |
