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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe erythropoesis
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components of blood
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Plasma – fluid portion
Formed elements Erythrocytes – transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Leukocytes – protect body Platelets – clot blood |
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blood functions
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Carry O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, salts, heat, hormones
Maintain normal pH Maintain fluid volume Prevent blood loss Prevent infection |
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origins of blood cells
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In embryo: yolk sac --> liver spleen
After 7th month Red marrow of flat bones Spongy bone of epiphyses of femur, humerus |
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life cycle of RBC
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features of hemoglobin
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Carries 95% of O2 and 20% of CO2
Hb + O2 --> oxyhemoglobin Hb + CO2 --> carbaminohemoglobin Hb + CO --> carboxyhemoglobin |
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features of anemia
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Hemoglobin deficiency due to
Too few RBCs Too little Hb/RBC (hypochromic anemia) RBCs too small in size Abnormal Hb |
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features of leukocytes
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4800-10,800/mm3
Some leave blood vessels via diapedesis Chemotaxis leads WBCs to damaged cells Start inflammatory or immune responses |
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hemocytoblast differentiation
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platelet developmental pathway
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thrombus
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Thrombus = clot that forms abnormally in vessel
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embolus
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Embolus = thrombus or part of thrombus that breaks loose and is carried away by blood flow
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features of blood types
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Species specific
Determined by proteins (agglutinogens) present on RBC surface Agglutinogens – proteins that cause immune reactions Agglutinins (antibodies) cause foreign RBC to become sticky and clump together Agglutination – the clumping of RBCs due to their becoming sticky. It is NOT the same as blood clotting (coagulation) |
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Rh factor
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Rh+ people have the Rh protein
Rh- people do not have the Rh protein Rh inherited separately from ABO blood type |
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features of erythroblastosis fetalis
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Rh negative mother
Rh positive fetus Occurs with second or subsequent pregnancy Rapid RBC destruction liberates pigments jaundice Can result in hydrocephalus, miscarriage, or death of fetus Immunoglobin Rho-GAM given to mother to prevent sensitization |
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blood clotting steps (diagram)
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3 possible clinical consequences of failed clotting
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Thrombocytopenia
Impaired liver function Hemophilia |
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features of Leukemias
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cells remain unspecialized and mitotic. Suppress or impair normal bone marrow function
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