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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of blood and blood-forming tissues
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hematology
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Hematology is important when evaluating the patient's ability to
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transport oxygen and CO2
coagulate blood combat infections |
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blood cell production that occurs in the bone marrow
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hematopoiesis
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soft material that fills the central core of bones
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bone marrow
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marrow made of adipose
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yellow bone marrow
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what actively produces blood cells
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red bone marrow
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is found in flat and irregular bones, ends of long bones, pelvic bones, vertebrae, sacrum, sternum, ribs, flat cranial bones, scapulae
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red bone marrow
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three types of blood cells
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erythrocytes
leukocytes thrombocytes |
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all 3 types of blood cells develop from a common ________________ within the bone marrow
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hematopoietic stem cell
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type of connective tissue that performs 3 major functions
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blood
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plasma proteins include
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albumin, globulin and clotting factors (fibrinogen)
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erythrocytes have a ________ shape, which makes it ideal for gas transportation
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flexible
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the primary function of an erythrocyte is to
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-transport gases (O2 and CO2)
-assist in acid-base balance |
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erythrocytes are primarily composed of
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hemoglobin
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the process of RBC production
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erythropoeisis
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______ is stimulated by hypoxia an controlled by erythropoietin
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erythropoiesis
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an immature erythrocyte
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reticulocyte
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reticulocytes mature within
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48 hrs
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_____ are good indicators in evaluating the rate and adequacy of erythrocyte production
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reticulocyte
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is the destruction of RBCs by monocytes and macrophages
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hemolysis
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__________ protects the body from infection
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leukocytes
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leukocytes originate from
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stem cells within the red bone marrow
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these promote blood coagulation
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thrombocytes
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thrombocytes works as ___ to close any openings in the capillary wall
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plug
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thrombocytes respond to _____ to the epithelial wall
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internal damage
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a growth factor, regulates platelet production in the red bone marrow
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thrombopoietin
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the lifespan of a thrombocyte
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5-9 days
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term used to describe the clotting process
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hemostasis
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_____ is important in minimizing blood loss when various body structures are injured
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hemostasis
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when blood vessel is injured there is immediate local vasoconstriction. Platelet response and plasma clotting factors are activated due to endothelial injury
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vascular response
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vascular response releases
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tissue factor-clotting factor
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platelets stick together and form a clump
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platelet plug formation
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formation of fibrin clot on the platelet plug is the conclusion
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plasma clotting factor
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plasma proteins circulate in inactive forms until stimulated to initiate clotting through one of two way
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intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway
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activated by collagen exposure from endothelial injury
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intrinsic pathway
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initiated when tissue factor or thromboplastin is released from the injured tissues
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extrinsic pathway
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lysis of a clot is achieved through
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anticoagulants
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interfere with clotting. The countermechanism to blood clotting serves to keep blood in its fluid state
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anticoagulants
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anticoagulation is achieved by
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antithrombins and fibrinolysis
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antithrombins
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endogenous heparin
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plasminogen converted to plasmin.
Plasmin attacks fibrin and fibrinogen |
splitting them into smaller molecules (FSP and FDP)
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a deficiency in the number of erythrocytes (RBCs), the quantity of hemoglobin and/or the volume of packed RBCs (hematocrit)
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anemia
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anemia is caused by
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blood loss, impaired production of erythrocytes and increased destruction of RBCs
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because RBCs transport O2, erythrocyte disorders can lead to
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tissue hypoxia
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cellular characterisitcs. based on descriptive, objective lab info about erythrocyte size and color
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morphologic anemia
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underlying cause- related to the clinical conditions causing anemia
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etiologic anemia
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HB 10-14
asymptomatic if symptoms occur palpitation, dyspnea and diaphoresis |
mild states of anemia
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HB 6-10
carido symptoms increase and may be expierienced at rest "roaring in ears" |
moderate anemia
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HB<6
pallor, jaundice, pruritis, tachycardia, murmurs, bruits, MI, CHF, edema, ascites, cardiomegaly, angina, tachypnea, orthopnea, headache, vertigo, irritability, depression, impaired thought processes, ataxia, anorexia, hepatomegaly, slenomegaly, difficult swallowing, sore mouth, beefy red tongue, bone pain, sensitivity to cold, weight loss, lethargy, fever and apathy |
s&s severe anemia
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