Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Blood |
Blood is a liquid connective tissue which is composed of liquid extracellular matrix called as plasma, cells and cell fragments. |
|
|
Functions of Blood |
1. Transportation 2. Regulation 3. Protection |
|
|
Normal blood volume and other characters |
In Male 5-6 L In Female 4-5 L Blood has a temperature of 38°C Denser and viscous than water |
|
|
Composition of blood |
Blood plasma 55% Formed elements 45% - RBC are 99% of formed elements - WBC and Platelets forms only 1% |
|
|
What is the composition of blood plasma |
Blood plasma is composed of 91.5% water and rest 8.5% solutes Out of which 7% are plasma proteins namely Albumin that act as tranport protein Globulin helps in immunity Fibrinogen help in clotting of blood The rest of plasma that is 1.5% is other solutes like Electrolytes, gases, nutrients, regulatory substances and waste products |
|
|
What is hematocrit? |
The volume of total blood occupied by RBC is called as hematocrit. In males it is 40-54% with average of 47% In females it is 38-46% with average of 42% |
|
|
HEMOPOIESIS Where does it occur |
Process in which the formed elements of blood develop Starts in yolk sac of embryo, later shifts to liver, spleen, thymus and in the last 3 months it shifts to red bone marrow and continues there for life |
|
|
Define hemostatis Brief the process involves |
Hemostatis is the series of responses that leads to stoppage of bleeding of any damaged artery. It involves three mechanism 1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood clotting |
|
|
What happens in platelet release reaction |
The platelets which all have sticked to the endothelial lining of damage cell, realease ADP, thrombaxane A2 to activate other nearby platelets for formation of plug |
|
|
Define the following terms 1. Serum 2. Clot 3. Coagation 4. Thrombosis |
1. Serum is the plasma minus clotting factors 2. Gel of clot is the network of insoluble proteins calles as fibrin 3. Process of formation of thin threads of fibrin around any damanged artery is called coagulation. It is a series of enzymatic reaction of activated clotting factors along with many molecules in a sequential manner 4. Thrombosis is the formation of clot to an undamaged artery |
|
|
Explain the blood clotting cascade through flow chart |
Blood clotting cascade involves three different pathways 1. Extrinsic Tissue trauma releases tissue factor or thromboplastin. TF along with calcium iron activates factor X the activated factor X along with calcium iron and factor V activate the enzyme Prothrombinase 2. Intrinsic The intrinsic pathway is activated either by direct contact with blood or by some substances within the blood. It causes and activation of platelets which releases platelet phospholipids. This activates factor XIII then factor XIII along with calcium ion activates factor X and factor X along with calcium ion and factor V activates the Prothombinase enzyme 3. Common Prothrombinase enters into the common pathway and it along with calcium ion activate protein prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin starts production of loose fibrin thread from fibrinogen and these loose fibrin threads are converted into strengthened fibrin threads by the action of factor XII |
|
|
Embolus Thrombus Define the following termsEmbolusThrombusPlasminogenPlasminFibrinolysisClot retraction Plasminogen Plasmin Fibrinolysis Clot retraction |
Any clot, air bubble or broken bone that moves in the blood stream freely is called as embolus The clot that is formed at an undamaged artery Plasminogen is the inactivated enzyme that is incorporated in the clot Plasmin is the active plasma ezyme that cause fibrinolysis The process of dissolution of clot is fibrinolysis Clot retraction is the tightening of the ibrin clot, once the wound is healed |
|
|
Discuss the terms 1. Leukopoiesis 2. Leukopenia 3. Leukocytosis 4. Leukenia |
1. Formation of WBC 2. Abnormal decrease in the number of WBC below 5000/micro L, not beneficial. 3m Increase in the number of WBC above 10000/micro L, beneficial for protection against an infection or allergic response. 4. A cancerous condition when WBC increases abruptly |
|
|
Discuss the terms 1. Thrombopoiesis 2. Erthyropoiesis |
1. Formation of thromobocytes from megakaryocytes 2. Formation of RBC from erythroblast cells |
