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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood |
Connective tissue; only fluid tissue in the body |
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Components of blood |
Living cells (formed elements) and non living cells (plasma) |
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Characteristics of blood |
Color (oxygen- scarlet red; poor oxygen- dull red); ph must range 7.35 - 7.45; blood temp is 100.4; healthy blood volume is 5-6 liters; makes up 8% of body weight |
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Blood plasma |
Composed of 90% of water; many dissolved substances; protein; and acidosis |
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Formed elements |
Erythrocytes (RBCs), Leukocytes (WBCs), Platelets, and cell fragments |
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Centrifuged blood Pressure |
Erythrocytes sink to the bottom (45%), Buffy coat contains leukocytes and platelets (1%), plasma rises to the top (55%) |
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Leukocytes |
White blood cells; crucial in the body’s defense against disease; they are complete cells with a nucleus and organelles; able to live in and out of the blood vessels; move by ameboid motion; respond to chemicals released by damaged tissue; 4,000 to 11,000 per millimeter of blood |
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Hemoglobin |
(Iron-contains protein; binds strongly but reversibly to oxygen; each molecule has four oxygen binding sites; normal blood contains 12-18 grams of this per 100ml of blood |
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Homeostatic Imbalance |
Anemia is a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood; sickle cell anemia results from abnormally shaped hemoglobin; polycythemia is an excessive or abnormal increase in the number of RBCs |
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Normal Hemoglobin |
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Sickle cell hemoglobin |
Back (Definition) |
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Plasma protein |
Most abundant solutes in plasma; made by liver; includes albumin, clotting protein, and antibodies |
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Erythrocytes |
Red blood cells; carry oxygen; anatomy of it biconcave disks, essentially of hemoglobin, a-nuclear, and contain few organelles; 5million per cubic millimeter of blood |
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Leukoycytosis |
Count above 11,000; generally indicates an infection |
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Leukopenia |
Abnormally low leukocyte level; commonly caused by certain drugs such as corticosteroids and anticanar agents |
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Leukemia |
Bone marrow becomes cancerous, turns out excess WBCs |
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Two types of leukocytes |
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes |
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List of WBCs from most to least abundant |
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils (Never, Let, Monkeys, Eat, Bananas) |
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Granulocytes |
Root word in their cytoplasm can be stained; possess lobed nuclei; and includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
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Granulocytes |
Root word in their cytoplasm can be stained; possess lobed nuclei; and includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
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Agranulocytes |
Lacks visible cytoplasmic granules; nuclei are spherical, oval, or kidney shaped; and includes lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Neutrophils |
Multilobed nucleus with fine granules; act as phagocytes at the active sites of infection |
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Neutrophils |
Multilobed nucleus with fine granules; act as phagocytes at the active sites of infection |
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Eosinophils |
Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules; found in response to allergies and parasitic worms |
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Neutrophils |
Multilobed nucleus with fine granules; act as phagocytes at the active sites of infection |
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Eosinophils |
Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules; found in response to allergies and parasitic worms |
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Basophils |
Have histamine- containing granules; initates inflammation |
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Lymphocytes |
Nucleus fills most of the cell; play an important role in the immune response |
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Lymphocytes |
Nucleus fills most of the cell; play an important role in the immune response |
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Monocytes |
Largest of the WBCs; functions as macrophages; important in fighting chronic infections |
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Lymphocytes |
Nucleus fills most of the cell; play an important role in the immune response |
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Monocytes |
Largest of the WBCs; functions as macrophages; important in fighting chronic infections |
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Platelets |
Derived from ruptured mulitinucleate cells (megakaryocytes); needed for clotting process; normal platelet count is 300,000 mm |
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Hematopoiesis |
Blood cell formation; occurs in red bone marrow; all blood cells are derived from a common stem cell (hemocytoblast); hemocytoblast differentiation |
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Hemocytoblast differentiation |
Lymphoid stem cells produces lymphocytes and myeloid stem cells produces all other formed elements |
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Formation of Erythrocytes |
Unable to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins, wear out in 100 to 120 days; when worn out RBCs are eliminated by phagocytes in he spleen or liver; lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblast in the red bone marrow |
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Control of RBCs production |
Rate is controlled by a a hormone (erythropoietin); kidney produce most RBCs as a response to a reduced oxygen level in the blood; homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback from blood oxygen levels |
