Block 2 Quiz 1 Anatomy (Lecture 2) - General

Front 1

What bony structures are on the distal femur? (5)

Back 1

Medial condyle & epicondyle

adductor tubercle

Lateral condyle & epicondyle

Front 2

What bony structures are on the proximal femur? (5)

Back 2

Medial & lateral condyles

intercondylar eminence

tibial tuberosity

soleal line

Front 3

Patella

What kind of bone is it?
What does it articulate with?

Back 3

Is a sesamoind bone (formed intratendinously after birth)

articulates with the patellar surface of the femur

Front 4

What ligament and retinacula support the patella? What do they do?

Back 4

patellar ligament (distal part of quadriceps tendon)

laterally receives medial and lateral patellar retinacula (aponeurosis of vastus medialis and lateralis muscles)

fx: maintain alighment of patella relative to femur

Front 5

What 2 joints make up the knee joint?

Back 5

Patellofemoral

Tibiofemoral

Front 6

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

Back 6

Medial and lateral femoral condyles

& articular facets on medial and lateral tibial condyles (tibial plateau)

posterior surface of the patella

& patellar surface of the femur

Front 7

What makes up the joint capsule of the knee joint?

Back 7

firbous layer (posterior)

patella, quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon (anterior)

synovial membrane lines capsule and suprapatellar bursa

Front 8

What reinforces the capsule of the knee?

Back 8

ligaments (collateral, cruciate, popliteal, patellar)

aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Front 9

What are the 2 collateral ligaments of the knee? What are their functions?

Back 9

Lateral (fibular) collateral (LCL): limit abduction of knee

Medial (tibial) collateral (MCL) : limit adduction of knee

Front 10

What are the 2 cruciate ligaments of the knee (intracapsular)? When are they taut? Where are they located? What do they prevent?

Back 10

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)
Taut in extension
anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral femoral condyle
Prevents POSTERIOR displacement of femur on tibia

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)
Taut in flexion
posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial femoral condyle
Prevents ANTERIOR displacement of femur on tibia

Front 11

What are the menisci? Howdo they attach to the tibia? What are their functions?

Back 11

Medial and lateral menisci are fibrocartilage structures in the knee joint, connected by a transverse ligament

medial - attach to tibia at MCL

tendon of popliteus muscle attaches to lateral menisci, pulls out of way during femur lat rot

fx: help in sock absorption, deepen articular surface of tibia

Front 12

What 2 ligaments reinforce the posterior fibrous capsule of the knee joint?

Back 12

oblique popliteal ligament (extension of semimembranosus tendon)

arcuate popliteal ligament

Front 13

What arteries supply the knee joint?

Back 13

genicular anastomosis (genicular arteries,
descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery)

**all out of popliteal artery

Front 14

What nerves supply the knee joint?

Back 14

femoral

obturator

tibial

common fibular

Front 15

Bursae of the Knee

Back 15

There are multiple bursae, at least 12, around the knee joint, including 4 associated with the quadriceps femoris tendon:

suprapatellar bursa, which may mask joint effusion or spread infection to the knee joint

prepatellar bursa, superficial and deep infrapatellar bursae, which may be irritated by friction and fill with fluid (bursitis)

Front 16

What divides the 3 compartments of the thigh?

Back 16

intermuscular septa

derived from fascia lata

attach to linea aspera of femur

> anterior, medial, posterior

Front 17

Posterior compartment of the thigh - what actions are performed at which joints?

Back 17

extension of thigh at hip joint

flexion of leg at knee joint

Front 18

What arteries are in the posterior compartment of the thigh? What do they supply?

Back 18

Inferior gluteal artery
-supplies superior hamstring, sciatic nerve via artery to sciatic nerve

perforating branches of deep artery of thigh (4)
-supply central hamstring, femur (nutrient foramen), sciatic nerve

Front 19

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Back 19

semimembranosus & semitendinosus

biceps femoris

medial & lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Floor: femur, oblique popliteal ligament & popliteus fascia (covers popliteus muscle)

Roof: popliteal fascia & skin

Front 20

What is the content of the popliteal fossa?

Back 20

Popliteal artery: continuation of the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus / popliteal pulse

Popliteal vein (where small sephaneous vein joins)

Tibial and common fibular* branches of the sciatic nerve (superficial to vein)

posterior cut. n. of thigh

Medial sural cut. nerve

Popliteal lymp nodes & vessels

Front 21

What branches does the popliteal artery give off (5)? What do these participate in?

What other arteries participate?

Back 21

The popliteal artery gives off five genicular branches (superior medial, superior lateral, middle, inferior medial & inferior lateral genicular arteries) that participate in the genicular anastomoses around the knee.

Descending branch of lateral circumflex artery & descending genicular artery (br. of femoral a.) also participate in anastomoses.

Front 22

Where does the popliteal artery lie?

Back 22

Against posterior surface of femur superiorly

Front 23

actions of anterior compartment of the thigh

Back 23

flexion of thigh at hip joint

extension of leg at knee joint

Front 24

What are the femoral artery branches that supply the anterior thigh?

Back 24

Deep artery of thigh & perforating branches

Lateral circumflex femoral artery
-Descending branch joins genicular anastomosis

Medial circumflex femoral artery
-Takes part in cruciate anastomosis

Front 25

What does the obturator artery supply in the anterior thigh?

Back 25

Pectineus

Front 26

What do the cutaneus and motor branches of the femoral nerve (L2-L4) supply?

Back 26

Cutaneous branches
-Anterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve
>Supplies anterior part of anterior thigh
-Saphenous nerve
>Supplies medial knee

Motor branches supplies
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus

Front 27

What does the anterior rami of L1-L3 supply?

Back 27

Psoas

Front 28

What are 2 cutaneus nerves of the anterior thigh and what do they supply?

Back 28

Lateral Femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3)
>Supplies skin of anterolateral thigh

Femoral br. of genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)
>Skin of central upper anterior thigh

Front 29

What actions does the medial compartment of the thigh perform?

Back 29

adduction of the thigh at the hip joint

Front 30

The obturator nerve (L2-L4) is the main nerve of medial thigh. What do its branches supply?

Back 30

Two branches divided by adductor brevis muscle

Posterior branch
Obturator externus
Adductor magnus (adductor part)

Anterior branch
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Adductor brevis
Cutaneous branch of obturator >Skin of central medial thigh

Front 31

What does the tibia part of sciatic nerve supply (L4-S3)

Back 31

Adductor magnus (hamstring part)

Front 32

What does the Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) supply?

Back 32

Skin of upper medial thigh

Front 33

What does the Anterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve (L2-L4) supply?

Back 33

Skin of lower medial thigh

Front 34

What 3 muscles tendons make up the Pes Anserinus (Goose's Foot)? where is it located?

Back 34

Insertion of conjoined tendons of 3 muscles onto the anteromedial surface of the proximal tibia (A to P):

Sartorius (S) anterior

Gracilis (G) medial

Semitendinosus (T) posterior

Nmemonic : Say Grace before Tea

Minor protective element of medial knee :
Superficial to medial collateral ligament

Front 35

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
what is the opening?

Back 35

Base = inguinal ligament

Medial border = medial margin of adductor longus

Lateral border = Sartorius

Apex: continuous with adductor canal (terminates in adductor hiatus)

femoral artery & sephanous nerve

Floor = iliopsoas & pectineus

Roof: fascia lata & cribriform fascia, subcutaneous fascia

Opening: saphenous opening
Where greater saphenous vein joins the femoral vein

Front 36

What are the contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?

Back 36

From lateral to medial:

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Lymphatics

Front 37

What is located in the femoral sheath?

Back 37

Artery, vein, & lymphatics located in femoral sheath

Lateral compartment contains femoral artery

Medial compartment contains femoral vein

Femoral canal contains deep inguinal lymph (Cloquet) node / opening: femoral ring

Front 38

What is the great saphenous vein a tributary of?

Back 38

Great saphenous vein is a tributary of the femoral vein

Femoral vein is sometimes used to enter the right side of the heart (via IVC) and pulmonary artery

Front 39

describe the saphenous vein lymph drainage?

Back 39

Superficial lymphatic vessels accompany the saphenous veins & its tributaries and drain in superficial inguinal nodes and then deep inguinal nodes

Front 40

Where does small saphenous lymph drain into?

Back 40

Vessels along small saphenous drain in popliteal nodes and then deep inguinal nodes

Front 41

Where do deep inguinal nodes lie? Where does it receive lymph from?

Back 41

Deep inguinal nodes lie medial to femoral vein and receive lymph from deep lymphatic vessels that accompany deep veins and drain in external iliac nodes