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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Congenital Heart Defects more common in MALES
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Aortic coarctation
Aortic Stenosis |
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Congenital Heart Defects more common in FEMALES
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PDA
ASD |
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Maternal diseases related to congenital heart disease
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Poorly controlled diabetes
Lupus erythemaosus |
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Maternal medications related to congenital heart disease
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Lithium
Phenytoin |
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Maternal infections related to congenital heart disease
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Rubella
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Heart Defects with Normal Sequence and Position with SHUNTING
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The Four D's:
asD; vsD; asvD; pDa Overall: L-->R shunt; Acyanotic; Inc. PBF |
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Accounts for 2/3 of heart disease in Down Syndrome pts.
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Complete ASVD
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Heart Defects with Normal Sequence and Position with OBSTRUCTION
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Aortic Stenosis/Atresia
Pulmonic Stenosis/Atresia Aortic Coarctation Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome |
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Associated with Williams Syndrome
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Supravalvar AORTIC stenosis (also assoc. with accel. atherosclerosis)
Supravalvar PULMONIC stenosis (also assoc. with rubella) |
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Associated with Noonan syndrome
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Valvar PULMONIC stenosis
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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
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Underdevelopment of the entire left side of the heart
RV hypertrophies, providing pulmonary and systemic flow Pulmonary return flows through patent foramen ovale Systemic flow is dependent upon PDA Coronary flow is retrograde Initial maintenance of PDA through PG therapy; reconstruction --> transplant |
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Heart Defects with Normal Sequence of Anomalous Valves
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Ebstein Anomaly
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Ebstein Anomaly
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Abnormal attachments of the tricuspid valve leaflets
Downward displacement of the tricuspid valve RV divided into atrialized and muscular portions DECREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW 90% associated with ASD of patent foramen ovale; 85% die in utero ASD with right to left shunting often complicates Surgical Repair: Valvoplasty and creation of systemic-->pulmonary shunt |
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Heart Defects with DISCORDANCE
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The Four T's:
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of Great Arteries Truncus Arteriosus TAPVR |
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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
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Pulmonary veins return to systemic venous circulation or RA directly
Often accompanied by venous obstruction Associated ASD or patent foramen ovale helps maintain LV output Severe obstruction --> pulmonary hypertension No obstruction acts like large ASD with right heart failure |
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Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)
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Aorta arising from the RV; Pulm artery arising from the LV
Circulatory system is in PARALLEL instead of in series Oxygenation depends upon ASD, VSD, or PDA |
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d-TGA
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Aorta is anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery
A-V concordance --> PARALLEL circulation |
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l-TGA
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Aorta is anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery
A-V discordance --> SERIES circulation ("corrected" transposition) |
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Truncus Arteriosus
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Single arterial trunk arises from a single semi-lunar valve
Results from incomplete or failed septation Truncal vessel typically overrides a VSD Ductus Arteriosus is usually absent Repair: closing VSD; committing truncus to the left; reconstructing right outflow |
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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4 components: VSD; Pulm stenosis; Overriding aorta; RV hypertrophy
Pulmonary valve is usually abnormal DECREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW Repair: closure of VSD; widening of right outflow; repairing pulm valve |
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"Pink tet"
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TOF that is NOT associated with cyanosis
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"Tet" spells
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Paroxysmal hypercyanotic spells
Increased pumonary stenosis murmur Thought to be secondary to spasm of RV infunibulum Therapy: bring baby's knees to its chest Decreases pulmonary return and increases systemic resistance |